GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOLER [3-5 YEARS].

NAME OF THE CHILDREN: DATE:

AGE :

SEX :

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE:

DIAGNOSIS :

WARD :

SI. CHILD’S
NO GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT - BOOK PICTURE PICTURE REMARKS
1. PHYSICAL [OR] BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Temperature
Pulse: 100 +/- 10beats/mt.
Respiration: 24+/- 4breath/mt.
Blood pressure: 100/66 +/- 20 mm of Hg.
Systole-95-105 mm of Hg.
Diastole-53-66 mm of Hg.
Weight
[Age in years x 2+8 kgs].
 13.5-19.5 kg [29.7-42.9 Ib]
Height
[Age in years x 6+77 cms].
 3 years-90.5-101.5 cms.
 4 years-95-109 cms.
 5 years-103-115 cms.
Mid arm circumferences
Dentition: No of teeth.
2. GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
3 YEARS
 Walks a straight line.
 Walks back ward
 Walks on tip toes
 Runs without looking at feet.
 Kicks a ball
 Jumps from a height of several inches
 Rides tricycle using pedals
4 YEARS
 Runs on tip toes
 Balance on one foot 3-5 seconds.
  Pedals a tricycle quickly.
 Climbs ladders, trees, playground equipment.
 Alternates feet when descending stairs.
5 YEARS
 Skips alternates feet.
 Jumps rope & jumps over objects.
 Walks a balance beam.
 Balance on one foot 8-10 seconds.
3. FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
3 YEARS
 Builds a tower of 9-10 blocks.
 Copies a circle.
 Can help with simple house hold tasks [dusting].
 Put beads on string.
4 YEARS
 Copies a square.
 Draws a simple face.
 Cut around picture with scissors.
5 YEARS
 Copies a triangle.
 Crosses vertical lines.
 Copies letter may be able to print own name.
 Draws a three-part man.
4. SELF CARE
FEEDING SKILLS
 Manages spoon with little spilling.
 Eats with fork hold in fingers.
DRESSING SKILLS
 Can put on coat without assistance.
 Can put on socks with help.
 Puts on shoes without help [not laces].
 Knows back from front of clothes.
TOILETING & GROOMING SKILLS
 May bathe self, with assistance.
 Washes and dries hands without supervision.
 Flushes toilet after each use.
5. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
 Visual Acuity20/20
6. PSYCHO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT [Erick Erickson].
Sense of initiative Vs guilt.
 Independent & trust worthy. They are ready to find out
what they can do.
3 YEARS
1. knows own sex.
2.Egocentric in thought &behavior
3. Alternates between reality &imagination.
4. Loss dependent on parents but needs reassurance &help.
5. Tolerates short separations from parents.
6. Significant decrease in ritualism &negativism.
7. May have dreams &night mares.
4 YEARS
8. Develop imagination &creativity.
9. Physically &verbally aggressive.
10. Sexually curious.
11. Jealousy of siblings.
5 YEARS
12. Attempt to imitate.
13. Able to solve problems.
14. Independent &trust worthy.
15. Feel guilty for their errors.
7. PSYCHO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT[Freud’s]
Phallic stage
Oedipus complex – boys like mother.
Electra complex – girls like father.
Oedipus complex
Boys desire their mothers while experiencing an
increased hostility towards their fathers.
Electra complex
Girls want their fathers & find their mothers in their
way.
1. More aware of their sex organs.
2. Attachment to the parent of the opposite sex.
3. Feels aggression toward parents of the same sex.
4. Touching and manipulation of the genitals.
5. Ask simple questions about sex.
6. Temporary parenteral separation, feels happy of shows
anger.
8. SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT [Fowler].
Intuitive Vs projective faith.
Imitates religious behavior such as bowing the head in
prayer, but does not understand the meaning.
- Able to understand religion.
- Learn about other religious also.
- Memorize short prayer.
9. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT [Jean piaget].
Pre operational thought phase [Two stage]
Sub stage-I Pre conceptual phase [2-4 years].
 Language acquisition.
 Rationalize their action.
 Highly imaginative.
 Uses alibis to excuse behavior.
Sub stage II-Intuitive thought phase [4-7 years].
EGOCENTRIC
-Thought includes animism& Realism.
-Able to follow directional commands.
1. Understands time & space.
2. Use time oriented expressions.
3. Understands conservation of size, shapes &length.
4. Go from one idea to another& reach a faculty
conclusion.
5. Aware of cultural difficulties.
6. Obeys because parents set limits, not because
understanding between rights &wrong.
7. Matter-of-fact about differences in others.
8. Unable to accomplish true inductive or deductive
reasoning.
10. MORAL DEVELOPMENT [Kohl berg].
Pre conventional morality or pre moral. [stage 2]
“You do something for me. I will do something for you”
 Follow to rules strictly for the purpose of self
interest.
 Accept changes in the rules to avoid punishment.
11. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE
Preschooler at 3 years
Can obey prepositional commands [on, under]
Preschooler at 4 years
Can understand direction [in back, in front]
Preschooler at 5 years
Can carry out instruction with 3 suggested task

1. Uses complete sentences of 3-4 words.

2. Talks regardless of whether anyone is paying
attention.
3. Knows simple songs.
4. Names figures in a picture.
5. Names one or more colours.
6. Understands directives [eg.sit, wash the hands].
7. Constantly asks questions.
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE

8. 3 years- vocabulary of 800-1000 words.

9. 4 years- vocabulary of 1500 words.
10. 6 years- vocabulary of 2100 words.
12 PLAY
COOPERATIVE PLAY
- Children begin to exchange ideas with other children
and gradually to interact with them in play activities.
- Interested in hand puppets, doll house &furniture, nurse
or doctor kit to stimulate imagination
13 NUTRITION
 Calories: 1800-2000Kcal/Kg/Day.
 Protein: 1.85 g/Kg/Day.
 Fat: 4-5gm/Kg/Day.
 Iron: 10 Mg/Day.
 Calcium: 800 Mg/Day.
 Magnesium: 200Mg/Day.
 Vitamin A: 2500 IU/Day.
 Vitamin D: 400 IU/Day.
 Fluids: 90-100Ml/Kg/Day.
14 DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS.
1. Selfishness.
2. Hurting others.
3. Destructiveness.
4. Enuresis.
 5. Encopresis.
6. Bad language.
7. Masturbation.
8. Sibling rivalry.
HEALTH PROBLEMS
- Dental caries
- Nutritional deficiency.
- Worm infestation.
HEALTH PROMOTION
1. Prevention of motor vehicle accidents.
2. Burns & Scalds.
3. Suffocation & Aspiration.
4. Falls.
5. Poisoning.
6. Bodily damage.
7. Health supervision.
8. Parent education
15 NEEDS OF PRESCHOOLER
 Emotional-social needs: love & security.
 Guidance.
 Dependence progressing to independence.
 Nursery school &Kinder garden.
 Sex education to clear their early stage doubts.
 Developing self esteem.
 Sleep & activity.
 Proper language development.
 Discipline for self control.
 Managing the bed time problems.
 Meeting the nutritional needs.
 Respect individuality of children.
 Set limits to children’s behavior/security.
 Play indoor & outdoor games.
 Dental hygiene.
 Optional vaccines.

SIGNATURE OF STAFF SIGNATURE OF STUDENT