MATERNAL AND CHILD
Goes upstairs using both feet alternately
NURSING
Preschooler
• ages 3 to 5 years old
• the period of curiosity - explore things
and the place that surrounds them
• period of preparation for kindergarten
and the world outside his own home
Developmental Milestone
BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
PHYSICAL PROPORTION
1. Gains about 4 to 5 pounds (1.8 to 2.25
kilograms) per year
2. Grows about 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.5
centimeters) per year
3. Has all 20 primary teeth by age 3
4. Has 20/20 vision by age 4
5. Sleeps 11 to 13 hours at night, most
often without a daytime nap
6. Gross motor development in the 3- to 5-
year-old should include:
Þ Becoming more skilled at
running, jumping, early
throwing, and kicking
Þ Catching a bounced ball
Þ Pedaling a tricycle (at 3 years);
becoming able to steer well at
around age 4
Þ Hopping on one foot (at around
4 years), and later balancing
on one foot for up to 5 seconds
Þ Doing a heel-to-toe walk (at
around age 5)
FINE/GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
AGE 3:
1. Drawing a circle
2. Drawing a person with 3 parts
3. Beginning to use children's blunt-tip
scissors
4. Self-dressing (with supervision)
5. Builds tower of 9 to 10 cubes
6. Places pellets in a narrow- necked bottle
7. Rides tricycle
8. Jumps off bottom step / broad jumps
9.
AGE 4:
1. Drawing a square, diamond
2. Using scissors, and eventually cutting a
straight line
3. Putting on clothes properly
4. Managing a spoon and fork neatly while
eating
5. Can lace shoes, but unable to tie bow
6. Skips and hops on one foot
7. Catches ball
8. Throws ball overhead
9. Walks down stairs using both foot
alternately
AGE 5:
1. Drawing a triangle and other geometric
pattern
2. Copies triangle and draws person with
body
3. Prints some letters, numbers or words
4. Dresses and undresses without
assistance
5. Uses fork, spoon, and (sometimes) a
table knife
6. Usually cares for own toilet needs
7. Skips and hops on alternate feet
8. Jumps rope
9. Catches and throws ball
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• Erickson’s Initiative vs. Guilt
• The stage of exploring, learning, playing,
and enjoying their activity
• develop of acquire a sense of initiative
« develop sense of guilt
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piaget’s Cognitive Theory
• Preoperational Phase covers ranges
from 2 to 7 years old
• egocentric Þ social awareness
 LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
3 YEAR OLD USES: • Preschooler display their emotions
1. Pronouns and prepositions • No self- control
appropriately • Preschooler introduce imaginary
2. Three to four -word sentences friends
3. Plural words • Imaginary friends - very creative way for
4. Uses telegraphic speech child to express different activities, lines
5. Repeat sentences in 6 syllables of conversation, behavior, and emotions
6. Talk incessantly

4 YEAR OLD USES:

Promoting Optimal Health
1. Eat meals with the child
1. Four to five word sentences
2. Limit screen time (television program/
2. Understand size relationships
computer)
3. Follow a 3-step command
3. Provide the child with age-appropriate
4. Count to 4
play equipment
5. Name 4 colors
4. Gets the recommended amount of
6. Enjoy rhymes and word play
sleep each night
7. Questioning at its peak
5. Sex role development
8. Knows simple songs
6. Language skills development
7. Discipline
5 YEAR OLD USES:
8. Address negative behaviors
1. six to eight word sentences
9. Overly anxious parent (concerned about
2. Can name color
the slower child's abilities) and the
3. Describe drawings or pictures
overly ambitious parent (pushing skills to
4. Shows understanding of time concepts,
make the child more advanced) can
days, weeks, months
harm the child's normal progress in
5. Counts to 10
school.
6. Knows telephone number
10. Open and honest communication
7. Responds to "why" questions
11. Help the child become a good friend
DEVELOPMENT OF SEXUALITY
“Interest in Basic Sexuality” Prevention of Injury
The child should be told the following: 1. Parental supervision
1. Interest in genital organs is healthy and 2. Car safety
natural 3. Falls
2. Nudity and sexual play in public are not 4. Keep the child away from the stove, hot
acceptable foods, and other appliances.
3. No other person, including even close 5. Keep all household products and
friends and relatives, may touch his medicines safely locked out of the reach
“private parts.” The exceptions to this of preschoolers
rule are doctors and nurses during 6. Teach them to be safe
physical examinations and his own
parents when they are trying to find the
cause of any pain or discomfort he’s
feeling in the genital area