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PRESCHOOL STAGE

Definition:-
It is the stage where child is 3
to 6 years of age. The growth
during this period is
relatively slow.

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Physical growth:-
Slow growth continues during this period
o Average preschool age child height will grow 6.5-
7.8cm/year
 The average 3-year old is 96.2cm tall
 The average 4-year old 103.7 cm tall
 The average 5 year old 118.5 cm tall

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o Average weight gain during this period is
about 1.8kg /year
• The average 3-year old is 14. 5 kg weight
• The average 5- year old is 18.6 kg weight
o Most of the body systems have matured
by the preschool years
o Average pulse rate ranges from 80-
120beat/minute, average 100beat/min

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o Average respiratory rate is 20-
25breath/minute
o Normal blood pressure ranges from
85/60 to 90/70 mmHg

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 MOTOR SKILL
• Alternate feet on steps
• The child builds towers of 9 -10 blocks
• 3 year old: copy a circle and a cross – build using
small blocks
• 4 year old: use scissors, color within the borders

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CONTINUE - MOTOR SKILL
• 5 year old: write some letters and draw a
person with body parts
• Stand on one feet for a few seconds, kick
balls, ride tricycle
• The child dresses without help

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 CONTINUE - MOTOR SKILL

• Holding a pencil and write some litters or number

at age 5 year
• Using scissors in perfect way at age 5 year
• Playing a board game
• Have child draw picture of himself
• Using eating utensils in a best way

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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Preschooler up to 4 years of age is in the

pre-conceptual phase. He begins to be
able to give reasons for his belief and
actions, but not true (cause-effect
relationship ).

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CONTINUE- COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• The child shows fear concerning body
integrity(provide adhesive bandages for cuts
because the child fears losing blood ,fear of
animal noises, and dark area)
• Egocentricity decreases and awareness of
other needs increases
• The child begin to develop a conscience, and
concept of right and wrong

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CONTINUE- COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Sense of guilt arise when he feels that his imagination
and activates are unacceptable
• The child begins to function socially ( kindergarten
improve the Childs social development and learn
rules)

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CONTINUE- COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• The child has limited perspective and focuses on one
idea at a time
• The child become aware of sexual differences
• The child develops body image
• The parents should promote awareness of positive
aspects of both sexes
• The parent should use appropriate names for body
parts
• The child can draw a person
• The child begins to have a concept of causality but
still exhibit

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Language development
• vocabulary increases to about 900 words by age 3
and 2100 words by age 5
• Talk in continuous way and ask many difficult
questions about life and death
 

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 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF
PRESCHOOLER
Fears the dark
Tends to be impatient and selfish
Expresses aggression through
physical and verbal behaviors.
Shows signs of jealousy of siblings.

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PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

• The child begins to have the concept of time

• The child begin to have the concept of today,
tomorrow
• The child begin to have a concept of
numbers, litters, and colors
• The child may count the numbers but not
understand what the numbers mean

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CONTINUE-PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• Child in this stage understand some social
relation ship
• In this age child aware about some social meeting
• At the end of this age Child begin to understand
the important of family , sibling, and friends
• Lying common in preschool children. it may occur
because the child fears punishment

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CONTINUE-PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• Tolerates short separation
• Less dependant on parents
• May have dreams & night-mares
• Attachment to opposite sex parent
• More cooperative in play
According to Erikson theory:
• The preschooler is in the stage where he develops a sense
of initiative, Where he wants to learn what to do for
himself, learn about the world And other people.

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MORAL DEVELOPMENT
• The child in this age understand some rules
in the life (right & wrong) and (good & bad)
• Preschooler moral are those of others, and he
understands must be followed to avoid
punishment for inappropriate behavior or
gain rewards for good or desired behavior
• Understand simple religious stories
according to family background

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PROMOTING HEALTHY GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH:

• Promoting safety (in care, in & out home, )

• Promoting nutrition (by given healthy nutrition )
• Promoting healthy sleep and rest: total sleep require 11-
13 hours/day
• Preventing the development of over weight and obesity
• Promoting healthy teeth and gums
• Provide appropriate play according to their age
• Sharing the child in appropriate physical activities
• Learning some important rules in side home and out
side home

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