Care of Mother, Child and Adolescent
erupt as early as 14-15 years of age)
(Well-Client)
Adolescence
Adolescence
• Period between ages 13 & 18 or 20 years
• A time that serves as a transition between childhood
& becoming a young adult
Division
• Early Period (13-14 years old)
• Middle Period (15-16 years old)
• Late Period (17-20 years old)
Growth and Development of an
Adolescent
PHYSICAL GROWTH (BOY)
• Grow about 4-12 inches (10-30 cm) in height
• Gain about 15-65 lbs. (7-30 kg) in weight during
teenage years
• Growth stops with closure of the epiphyseal lines of
the long bones (about 18-20 years of age)
PHYSICAL GROWTH (GIRL)n
• 1-2 inches (2.4-5 cm) taller than boys coming into
adolescence
• Generally stop growing within 3 years from
menarche
• Shorter than boys (by end of adolescence)
• Grow about 2-8 inches (5-20 cm) in height
• Gain 15-55 lbs. (7-25 kg) in weight during teenage
years
• Growth stops with closure of the epiphyseal lines of
the long bones (about 16 or 17 yrs of age)
VITAL SIGNS
• Heart & lungs increase in size more slowly than the
rest of the body
• PR & RR decrease slightly to 70beats/min & 20
breaths/min
• BP increases slightly to 120/70 mmHg by late
adolescence
HORMONES & GLANDSn
• Androgen stimulates sebaceous glands to extreme
activity
• Apocrine sweat glands become active
TEETH
• Gain second molars at about 13 years of age
• Gain third molars between 18-21 years of age (may
• Jaw reaches adult size toward the end of
adolescence
PUBERTYn
• The time at which an individual first becomes
capable of sexual reproduction
• GIRLS: Start of menstruation
• BOYS: Production of spermatozoa
PRIMARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
• Directly related to reproductive organs and external
genitalia
• The penis, testes and vagina are the body structures
that make reproduction possible
• MALE: Penis and scrotum growth
• FEMALE: Ovary, uterus, vagina, clitoris and labia
growth
SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICSn
• NOT directly related to reproductive organs and
external genitalia
• Distinguish the sexes from each other; play no direct
part in reproduction
• MALE: Facial hair and deeper voice
• FEMALE: Enlarged breasts and hips
• BOTH: Hair and sweat gland changes
Development Milestones
PLAY OR RECREATION
• A change from school-age activities to more adult
forms of recreation
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTn
• According to Erik Erikson, the adolescence falls
under these stages:
1. Adolescence [Identity vs. Confusion]
2. Young Adulthood [Intimacy vs. Isolation]
• The following statements are the areas achieved by
the adolescent to achieve a sense of identity:
o Accept their changed body image (self-esteem)
o Establish a value system or what kind of person
they want to be
o Make a career decision
o Become emancipated from parents
• BODY IMAGE is the perception that a person has of
their physical self and the thoughts and feelings that
result from that perception.
• SELF CONCEPT refers to the picture we have of
ourselves.
 • SELF ESTEEM is the value we place upon those
qualities, skills and attributes – how positive we feel
about those characteristics.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• According to Jean Piaget, adolescence is
characterized by formal operational though
wherein abstract reasoning becomes more
sophisticated. Adolescents can develop hypotheses
and can test them through questions and tests.
Another characteristic is assimilation of new
information into existing knowledge, but the world
is perceived subjectively and idealistically.
MORAL AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTn
• The child is in the level 2, CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
by which the views of others matter.
• It is divided into 2 stages:
1. Interpersonal concordance
- Being good is whatever pleases others. The
child adopts a conformist attitude to
morality.
- Right and wrong are determined by
majority.
2. Law and order
- Being good now means doing your duty to
society. To this end we obey laws without
question and show a respect for authority.
- Most adults do not progress past this stage
Adolescent Health Promotion
SAFETY
• The following statements are some examples of
unintentional injuries in adolescents. (Tapos yung
mga naka-bullet yun yung HEALTH TEACHING
MEASURE)
MOTOR VEHICLE
• Always use a seat belt whether a driver or a
passenger. Never use a cellphone or text while
driving.
• Do not drink alcohol while driving and always refuse
to ride with anyone who has been drinking (name a
designated driver or arrange with your parents to be
picked up or provide money for a tax)
• Wear a helmet and long trousers as driver or
passenger on a motorcycle
• Accepting dares has no place in safe driving
• Take graduated driver programs seriously so you
learn safe driving habits for both two-wheel and
four-wheel vehicles
FIREARMSn
• Always consider all guns loaded and potentially
lethal
• Learn safe gun handling before attempting to clean
a gun or hunt
DROWNING
• Learn how to swim. Follow safe water rules, such as
never swimming alone, no diving into the shallow
end of swimming pools, no hyperventilating before
swimming under water and no swimming beyond
one’s own limit
• Takin dares has no place in water safety
SPORTSn
• Use protective equipment, such as face masks for
hockey and pads and a helmet for football
• Do not attempt to participate beyond physical limits
• Keep well-hydrated by drinking fluid before and
after play
• Careful preparation for sports through training is
essential to safety
• Recognize and set one’s own limit for sports
participation
Nutritional Health
• Adolescence is a time during which poverty and
inequality are passed on to the next generation
through poor nutrition and health.
• Adolescence is a time of increased nutritional
requirements. Growth during adolescence is faster
than any other time in an individual’s life except for
the first year.
• Nutrients needed
• Caloric needs (adequate)
• Variety of food sources
• Glycogen loading
Daily Activities
DRESS AND HYGIENE
• May even be overly conscientious about personal
hygiene and appearance.
• Acutely aware of what their peers are wearing
• It is very reassuring to be dressed exactly like
everyone else.
CARE OF TEETHn
• Conscientious about tooth brushing
• Should continue to drink fluoridated water to
ensure firm enamel growth
• Teens with braces must be extremely conscientious
about tooth brushing
EXERCISE
• Need exercise every day both to maintain muscle
tone and to provide an outlet for tension
• Have had little exercise compared with the amount
they used to get when they came home from school
and played tag or hide-and-seek for several hours
before dinner
• May need advice on increasing exercise gradually

SLEEPn
• Adolescents may need proportionately more sleep
than any other age group
• Many adolescents attempt to get by with too little
sleep
• Frequent lack of sleep can lead to chronic fatigue or
depression

Health Family Functioning

• May have many disagreements with parents.
• It may be helpful to counsel parents to appreciate
that although it is not easy to live with a teenager, it
is equally difficult to be the teenager
• May follow health advice poorly