PYSICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Self-Esteem

• Person's overall evaluation of their self-worth

Physical Self-Concept
The individual’s perception of themselves in areas
of:
• Physical ability (speed, endurance
coordination, flexibility)
• Physical appearance (physical structure)
Refers to how an individual sees his body and his
attitudes towards it (can be positive or negative)
Total Self
Academic Self-Concept
The way an individual regards their own
academic achievement (success, grade averages,
motivation, creativity, or how one can navigate
difficult subject areas.)
• When talking about body image, it is related to a
person's self-esteem
Body Image
• Satisfaction with one’s own body may have an
effect on self-acceptance and positive self-
evaluation
• Individuals who do not conform to the ideal
standards of society are not satisfied with their
body image
• Dissatisfaction with body image affects one’s
self-esteem negatively.

Non-academic Self-Concept
Can be subdivided into: Social self,
Emotional self, Physical self

Generalized Body Types

Body type, or somatotype
• Dr. W.H. Sheldon
• The idea that there are three generalized body
compositions that people are predetermined to
have
• What you looked like correlated with how you
behaved Positive Body Image
This will improve a person's:
• Ectomorphic Type • Self esteem
o Long, thin muscles and limbs and low fat • Self-acceptance
storage • Healthy outlook and behaviors
o Slim, not predisposed to store fat or build
muscle Causes Of Body Dissatisfaction
o Quiet, restrained, nonassertive, sensitive, • Emphasis on thin ideal body
introverted, artistic, and selfconscious • Bullying and peer pressure
• Media
• Mesomorphic Type
o Predisposed to build muscle, but not store fat. Effects Of Poor Body Image
o They tend to be strong and solid, neither 1. Body Dissatisfaction
overweight nor underweight a. Imagined ugliness
o Active, assertive, vigorous, adventurous, b. A preoccupation with some imagined
dominant, and competitive defect in appearance by someone who
actually looks reasonably normal.
• Endomorphic Type 2. Eating Disorder
o Increased fat storage, a wide waist, and large a. Bulimia Nervosa
bone structure b. Anorexia Nervosa.
o Fat, have a smooth, round body, small 3. Low Self-Esteem
shoulders, and shorter limbs
o Relaxed, sociable, tolerant, comfort-loving, Culture And Perception of Beauty
peaceful, good humored, and in need of • Cultural traditions can either be a positive or
affection negative influence on body image and on self-
esteem
Puberty • Ideal standards of beauty sizes are culturally
• The time in life when a boy or girl becomes specific
sexually mature
• Process that usually happens between ages 10 4 Standards of Beauty
and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys • Clean and unblemished skin
• Thick shiny hair
Body Image
• Well-proportioned bodies
Refers to how the individual perceive, think,
• Symmetrical faces
and feel about their body and physical appearance
• height and weight
Achieving Physical Well-Being
• skin color
• Healthy eating
• clothes
• Embracing a healthy lifestyle
• hairstyle
o Quality sleep
 o Exercise • Ejaculation
o No excessive drinking and smoking o Releasing of sperm cells from the penis
• Having the right hygiene o Contains approximately 300 to 500 million of
sperm cells

The Sexual Perspective f the Self

The Sexual Self

• This refers to an individual's view of themselves
as a sexual person
• Notable changes important in the evaluation:
• Dramatic physical change during puberty
• Awareness of sexual drive and erotic feelings
• Developing interest in others

Human Reproductive System

Puberty
• The period during which the sexual organs
mature
• Begins when the children's bodies begin
producing the sex hormones through the
pituitary gland. HOW many hours can sperm survive in the
o Male: androgens and testosterone uterus?
o Female: estrogens and progesterone It can live up to 48 hours inside the uterus
▪ These hormones stimulate the development
of primary and secondary sex Female Reproductive System
characteristics and sexual drive • Vagina – Also called the birth canal
• Start of puberty. o A tube leading from the uterus to the outside
o Girls: Age 11 or 12 of the body
o Boys: Age 13 or 14 • Cervix
o The lower portion of the uterus, where the
Secondary Sex Characteristics vagina and uterus meet
Female o Most dilates for the delivery of baby
Development of: • Uterus - Where the zygote implants and the
• breasts embryo develops
• pubic hair • Fallopian tubes - Site of fertilization
• wider hips • Ovaries - Responsible for the production and
• higher voice release of eggs
• the onset of menstruation o They alternate the release of eggs each month
o menarche o The release of the ova is called ovulation
o If not fertilized, this egg is eliminated during
Male menstruation.
• pubic hair starts to grow
• growth of facial and underarm hair
• voice deepens
• muscles become more pronounced, narrow hips,
and less fat tissue overall
• at around age 13, experiences his first ejaculation
called
o spermarche

Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
• Two major parts
o Testes - Sperm is produced
o Penis - The external reproductive organ
• Scrotum
o A sac or pouch which holds the testes
o Maintain the proper temperature of the testes
Sexual Arousal
o Sperm is destroyed unless a temperature of
Triggers of sexual arousal
34C is maintained
• Visual and auditory clues
• Vas deferens - Transports the sperm-containing
• Direct stimulation
fluid called semen
Erogenous Zone
• Epididymis - Sperm cells are stored
• Areas of the body that provide pleasure
• Prostate gland and Seminal Vesicles
o Produce semen and nourish the sperm cells
• Include the genitals, mouth, breast, ears, anus,
and to a lesser degree, the entire surface of the
body.
• Factors Affecting Sexual Arousal
o Cognitive factors - Fantasizing and creating
erotic scenarios or images can trigger arousal
to some individuals
o Emotional factors - Females tend to give
importance to their emotional feelings when
engaging into sexual activities than men do
o Cultural factors
▪ In some cultures, masturbation and pre-
marital sex are not encouraged
▪ Culture shapes people's perspective about sex
in accordance with what is socially acceptable
Phases of Sexual Response
1. Excitement
• Can last from a few minutes to several hours
• Muscle tension increases
• Heart rate quickens and breathing is accelerated
• Blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in
swelling of the woman's clitoris and labia minora
(inner lips), and erection of the man's penis
• Vaginal lubrication begins
2. Plateau
• The vagina continues to swell from increased
blood flow and the vaginal walls turn a dark
purple.
• The man's testicles tighten
• Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
continue to increase
• Muscle spasms may begin in the feet, face, and
hands
• Muscle tension increases
• Phases or Sexual Response
3. Orgasm
• The climax of the sexual response cycle
• The shortest of the phases and generally lasts
only a few seconds
• There is a sudden, forceful release of sexual
tension
• In women, the muscles of the vagina contract.
The uterus also undergoes rhythmic
contractions.
• In men, rhythmic contractions of the muscles at
the base of the penis result in the ejaculation of
semen.
4. Resolution
• The body slowly returns to its normal level of
functioning
• A general sense of well-being, enhanced
intimacy and often, fatigue
Attraction. Love. Attachment
Lust
• Evolutionary theory - We are driven by our
desire for sexual gratification in order to fulfill
the purpose as an organism - to perpetuate our
specie
• Male: testosterone
• Female: estrogen during ovulation
o Increases libido
Attraction
• Associated to the part of our brain which
controls our "reward" behavior
o Hypothalamus is activated as dopamine is
released
• Norepinephrine - euphoric, energetic, and
giddy
• Serotonin - combat stress, reduce depression,
and regulate anxiety
Attachment
• Not only exclusive in romantic relationship
o Friendships
o parent-child relationship
o other intimacies
• Oxytocin
o high during activities are precursors to
bonding
o sex, childbirth, and breast feeding
Sexual Orientation
An enduring pattern of emotional, romantic,
and or sexual attractions to men, women, or both
sexes
• Heterosexual - sexual attraction is directed to
the opposite sex
• Homosexual - sexual attraction in directed to
the same sex
• Bisexual - Sexual attraction is directed to both
sexes
Sexual Behavior
• Erotic fantasies
o creating pleasant sexual arousal and
expressing sexual needs
o they provide insight into sexual desires and
preferences
o an opportunity to "rehearse" sexual
encounters
• masturbation
• making out
Teenage Unwanted Pregnancies
• Has affected 21 million aged 15-19 years globally
• May be due to:
o the knowledge gap and misconceptions about
some forms of contraception
o Sexual Violence
• Consequences
o Childbirth complications
o Maternal mortality
o The newborn may have complications
o Social and economic consequences
o Stigma, rejection or violence by partners,
parents and peers
o Education and employment opportunities is
limited
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Also known as Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs) or Venereal Diseases (VD)
o are infections that pass from one person to
another through sexual contact
o can be passed easily when contraceptive
devices (Ex. condom) are not used
o 1 million new STDs acquired each day globally
Chlamydia
• Caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis bacteria
• Mostly young women, but it can occur in both
men and women and in all age groups
• Can spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex
with someone who has chlamydia.
• Depending on a person's sexual activity, it can
infect the eyes, throat or rectum
• Symptoms may include
o Painful Urination
o Vaginal discharge
o Discharge from the penis
o Painful sexual intercourse in women
o Vaginal bleeding between periods and after
sex Testicular pain
Crabs (pubic lice)
• Tiny insects found in your genital area
• A different type of louze from head lice and body
lice
• Can be transmitted through sexual activity
• Lice will attach to the public hair
o Armpits, mustache, beard, eyelashes, and
eyebrows
• They feed on human blood
• Syphilis can spread from a mother with ability
unborn baby
Gonorrhea
• caused by infection with the Neisseria
gonorrhoeae bacterium
• Infects the mucous membranes of the
reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus,
and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in
women and men
• Transmitted through sexual contact with the
penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of an infected
partner
• Signs and symptoms in men
o Painful urination
o Pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis
o Pain or swelling in one testicle
• Signs and symptoms in women
o Increased vaginal discharge
o Painful urination
o Vaginal bleeding between periods, such as
after vaginal intercourse
o Abdominal or pelvic pain

HIV and AIDS

Genital Herpes • HIV stands for human immunodeficiency
• Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) virus
• Affects the skin, cervix, genitals, and some other • it infects and destroys cells of your immune
parts of the body system, making it hard to fight off other
• Can often be spread by skin-to-skin contact diseases
during sexual activity • HIV can spread through
• Two types o Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk,
o Type 2 HSV - occurs through vaginal, oral, or and rectal fluids of an infected person
anal sex • AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency
o Type 1 HSV - transmitted from shared straws, syndrome)
utensils, and surfaces • the final and most serious stage of an HV
• Symptoms start about 2 to 12 days after exposure Infection.
to the virus • When first get infected with HIV, symptoms
o They may include: include:
▪ Pain or itching around the genitals o Fever Chills
▪ Small bumps or blisters around the o Fatigue
genitals, anus or mouth o Sore throat.
▪ Painful ulcers that form when blisters o Muscle aches
rupture and bleed o Night sweats
▪ Scabs that form as the ulcers heal o Rash
▪ Painful urination o Swollen lymph nodes.
▪ Discharge from the urethra, the tube that o Mouth sores.
releases urine from the body
▪ Discharge from the vagina Prevention of SIDS
• Condom
Human papillomavirus (HPV) o Most effective way
• A name for a group of viruses that affect the • Oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices
skin and mucous membranes, such as the throat, o not effective
cervix, anus, and mouth • Other methods:
• Spreads by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex o Abstinence
with someone who has the virus o Monogamy to one uninfected partner O
• It can cause health problems like genital warts o Vaccinations
and cancer. o Check for infections
o Drink alcohol in moderation
Syphilis o Explain you want safe sex
• The result of Treponema Pallidum, a o Education
bacterium
• The disease starts as a painless sore - typically
on the genitals, rectum or mouth
• Syphilis spreads from person to person via skin
or mucous membrane contact with these
sores