LESSON 2 THE PROCESS OF REPRODUCTION SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

• OVULATION – part of female’s menstrual cycle
when a mature egg is released from the ovary
• CONCEPTION- is the time when the sperm travels
up through the vagina
• FERTILIZATION- the sperm cell successfully meets
an egg cell in the fallopian tube
• PREGNANCY- fetus develops
• The zygote moves down to the fallopian tube
• Stigma or rejection by their parents, peers and
threats of violence
• Education – School leaving
(Based on their subsequent lower education attainment
may have fewer skills and opportunities for employment,
often perpetuating cycles of poverty)
PREVENTION

towards the uterus forming a ball of cells called
BLASTOCYST.
CONTRACEPTION CHART
• The Blastocyst floats in the uterus 2-3 days before
cells attach to the lining uterus called
IMPLANTATION
• Pregnancy hormones known as HUMAN
CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG) hormone is in
the blood from the time of impletion. And prevent
the lining uterus from shredding
• Birth control- contraception
• Pill ( contains synthetic estrogen)
• Injections ( given in the 1st days if the menstruation
and every 2-3 months
• Withdrawal
• Intrauterine Device (IUD)
• Male condom (rubber sheath)

TEENAGE PREGNANCY • Implantable hormone Device

• Calendar Method Cycle
• Known as adolescent pregnancy under the age of
• Sterilization (Vasectomy for males and tubal
20
ligation for female)
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES

For infant

• Low birth weight

• Preterm birth
• Higher peri-and post-neonatal mortality

For mother

• Anemia
• Delayed prenatal care
• Depression
• Inadequate weight gain
• Pregnancy-induced hypertension
• Eclampsia
• Second birth as a teen
LESSON 3 SEXUAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE Dental Hygiene

• HEALTH – is a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity
• HYGIENE- refers to behaviors that can improve
cleanliness and lead to good health
• SEXUAL HEALTH – refers to a state of physical,
emotional mental and social well-being in relation
• Dental health problems can cause poor selfesteem
and can lower the adolescent’s body image,
especially at a time when they are very conscious
of their appearance
HEALTH CARE CHECK FOR THE FEMALE
Breast Self-Exam

to sexuality
• The best time for a self-breast exam is about a
• REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH – refers to the state of week after menstrual period, when your breasts
complete physical, mental and social well-being. are tender and swollen.
And related to the reproductive system
THE FIVE STEPS
OILY HAIR
1- Begin by looking at your breasts in the mirror with
• Wash hair regularly. your shoulders straight and your arms on your hips
• Do not scrub or rub hair and scalp too hard. 2- Now, raise your arms and look for the same
• Use conditioner for oily hair. changes
• Pay attention to the products you use on your hair. 3- While you're at the mirror, look for any signs of
fluid coming out of one or both nipples
SWEAT AND BODY ODOR
4- Next, feel your breasts while lying down, using
• Perspiration or sweat comes from sweat glands . your right hand to feel your left breast and then
During puberty your left hand to feel your right breast.
• Bathe or shower everyday using soap and warm 5- Finally, feel your breasts while you are standing or
water. sitting
• Wear clean clothing every day (shirts, socks,
underwear)
• Cotton clothing is recommended as it will help
absorb sweat more effectively
• To prevent sweaty and underarm odor, use
deodorant with antiperspirant.

Body Hair

• Make sure, blade of your razor is new and sharp to

prevent cuts and nicks.
• If your razor does not have shaving gel right in the
blade area, use shavin cream or gel because they
make pulling the razor against your skin easier.
• Do it slowly and carefully to prevent cutting
yourself
LESSON 4 Risky Behaviors and Adolescents
Physical Development
There are three main physical changes that come with
adolescence:
✓ The growth spurt (an early sign of maturation);
✓ Primary sex characteristics (changes in the organs
directly related to
reproduction);
✓ Secondary sex characteristics (bodily signs of sexual
maturity that do not directly involve reproductive organs)
Cognitive Development
Children are only able to think logically about the concrete,
the here and now. Adolescents move beyond these limits
and can think in terms of what might be true, rather than
just what they see is true.
Emotional Development
Adolescents are also developing socially and emotionally
during this time. The most important task of adolescence is
the search for identity.
Risk Behaviors of Adolescents in the Philippines
• Risk taking is a normal part of adolescent
development. Risk taking is defined as
participation in potentially health compromising
activities with little understanding of, or in spite of
an understanding of, the possible negative
consequences.
• Young people may be exposed to similar
risks but respond differently. Some may not
sustain any physical or emotional damage while
others may be affected for the rest of their lives.
Trouble Signs among Teens:
• Sexual promiscuity
• Regular use of drugs and alcohol
• Repeated violation of the law or school regulation
• Running away more than once in 3 months
• Skipping school more than once in 3 months
• Aggressive outbursts/ Impulsiveness
• Dark drawings or writings
• Deterioration in hygiene
• Oppositional behavior
• Refusal to work/ non-compliance
• Chronic lateness
• Falling asleep in class
• Changes in physical appearance
• Excessive daydreaming
During adolescence, young people begin to explore
alternative health behaviors including:
Smoking, drinking alcohol, drug use, sexual intimacy, and
violence. The Department of Health, in its Adolescent and
Youth Health Policy (2000), has identified the following
health risks: substance use, premarital sex, early
childbearing, abortion, HIV/AIDS, violence, accidents,
malnutrition and mental health.
Adolescents Health Risks Alcohol
Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among
15 to 24 years old and many of these injuries are related to
alcohol use.
• decreases ability to pay attention
• the younger a person is when they begin drinking,
the more likely they are to develop a problem with
alcohol
• deaths due to car crashes in which underage
drinking is involved
• alcohol is involved in nearly half of all violent
deaths involving teens
• suicide
 • likely to engage in sexual activity, unprotected sex,
or have sex with a stranger
• excess alcohol use can mask other emotional
problems, like anxiety or depression
• use of other drugs, like marijuana.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• is the overuse of a drug, with no due regard to
accepted medical practices
resulting in the individual’s physical, mental,
emotional, or behavioral impairment.
• The effects cause changes in a teen's alertness,
perceptions, movement, judgment, and attention.
CIGARETTE SMOKING
✓ social norm (“to be cool”)
✓ curiosity
✓ advertising
Preventing Multiple Risky Behaviors among Adolescents
• Strategies to prevent risky behaviors among
adolescents include school and extra-curricular
activity involvement, safe environments, and
positive relationships with caring adults
• Support and Strengthen Family Functioning
• Increase Connections between Students and Their
Schools
• Make Communities Safe and Supportive for
Children and Youth
• Promote Involvement in High Quality Out-of-
School-Time Programs
• Promote the Development of Sustained
Relationships with Caring
Adults
• Provide Children and Youth Opportunities to Build
Social and

✓ social pressure Emotional Competence

✓ pleasure • Provide Children and Youth with High Quality

Education during
✓ addiction
Early and Middle Childhood
HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO

• Cardiovascular: ischemic heart disease,

cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular
disease
• Cancer: lung, head and neck, esophageal, gastric,
colorectal
• Endocrine: menstrual disorders, decreased bone
mineral density,
erectile dysfunction
• Pulmonary: COPD
• Gastrointestinal: gastroesophageal reflux, peptic
ulcer disease
• Dermatologic: premature wrinkling
• Pregnancy complications: low birth weight, IUGR,
SGA, spontaneous abortion, PROM, SIDS