ERIK ERIKSON’S

STAGES THEORY
OF DEVELOPMENT By: Group 2
Shane Carla Azarcon Jolyven Bandojo
Katherine Lucero James Montalban
Vince Cagampang Lucita Sansano
Erik Homburger Erikson
 Father of Psychosocial Theory
 A world frame Psychoanalyst, Antropologist, Psychohistorian, and
a Medical School Professor.
 Understanding of Erickson’s Eight stages of Psychosocial
development require awareness of several basic points. The word
Psychosocial “psycho” relates to mind, brain and personality,
“social” which means the external relatives or relationships and
environment.
 The theory is a basis for broad or complex discussion and analysis
of personality and behavior, it is also a facilitating personal
development of self and others.
 Syntonic – a harmonious Dystonic – a disruptive
element (e.g trust) element (e.g mistrust)

Erickson conditioned that people must have these two experiences in order to grow.

Erickson’s 8 Stages of Development

- The sight to biological aspects of human development we believes that events in the earlier
stage but ego is shape by the multiplicity of conflicts and events (past, present and future).
 INTRODUCTION TO THE 8 STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
 Erickson’s psychosocial term is derived by the two source word – namely psychological ( or the root, “psycho”
relating the mind, brain, personality, etc. ) and social (external relationships and environment) both at the heart of
Erikson’s Theory. The theory is basis for broad or complex discussion and analysis of personality and behavior.
 Erikson’s Eight Stages Theory is a tremendously powerful model. As such, Erikson’s theory is useful for teaching,
parenting, self awareness, managing and coaching , dealing with conflict and generally for understanding the self and
others.
 The Epigenetic Principle explains that we develop through predetermined unfolding of our personalities in eight
stages.
 Each stages involves a “Psychosocial Crisis” of two opposing emotional forces, it also relates to a corresponding
life stages and its inherent challenges.
 A Malignancy is the worse of the two. It involves too little of the positive and too much negative
aspects of the positive and two much negative aspects of the task such as, a person who cannot trust
others. A Maladaptation is not quite bad and it involves too much of the positive and too little of the
negative such as, a person who trusts too much.
 Erikson was keen to point out that the transition between stages is “overlapping”. Crisis stages connect
with each other like interlaced fingers, not like a series of neatly stocked boxes.
 Erikson also emphasized the significance of “Mutuality” and “Generativity” in his theory.
• Mutuality reflects the effect of generations on each other, especially among families and
particularly between parents and children and grandchildren.
• Generativity, actually a named disposition within one of the crisis stages.
THE EIGHT PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT

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1 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 1: TRUST VS. MISTRUST

 Psychosocial Crisis
The first stage, infancy is approximately the first year on one year. The crisis is trust and mistrust. The
goal is to develop trust without completely eliminating the capacity for mistrust.
 Maladaptation/Malignancy
In fact, parents who are overly protective of the child, who are there the moment the first cry comes, will
lead that child into the maladaptive tendency which calls Erikson Sensory Maladjustment. They will develop
the Malignant tendency of withdrawal, characterized by depression, paranoia and possibly psychosis.
 Virtue
If the proper balance achieved, the child will develop the virtue of hope, the strong believe that even
when things are not going well, they would do better in the end.
2 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 2: AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND

DOUBT
 Psychosocial Crisis
The second stage is early childhood, from about eighteen months to three or four years old. The task is to
achieve a degree of autonomy while minimizing shame and doubt.
 Maladaptation/Malignancy
Nevertheless, a little “ shame and doubt ” is not only inevitable but beneficial. Without it, you will develop the
Maladaptive tendency Erikson calls Impulsiveness, a sort of shameless wilfulness that leads you in later childhood
and even adulthood, to jump into things without proper consideration of your abilities.
 Virtue
One of the most admirable and frustrating things about two and three year old is their determination. “Can do”
is their motto. If we can preserve that “can do” attitude (with appropriate modest to balance it) we are much better
of as adults.
3 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 3: INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

 Psychosocial Crisis
Stage three is the early childhood stage, from three or four to five or six. Initiative means a positive response
to the worlds challenges taking on responsibilities learning new skills, and feeling purposeful.
 Maladaptation/Malignancy
Too much initiative and too little guilt means a maladaptive tendency Erikson calls ruthlessness. To be
ruthless person takes the initiative alright. The extreme form of ruthlessness is sociopathy.
 Value
A good balance leads to the psychosocial strength of purpose. A sense of purpose is something many people
crave for in their lives, yet many do not realize that they themselves make their purposes through imagination
and initiative.
4 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
STAGE 4: INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY
 Psychosocial Crisis
Stage four is the school-age stage when the child is from about six to twelve. This task is to develop a
capacity for industry while avoiding and excessive sense of inferiority. They must learn the feeling of success,
whether it is in school or on the playground, academic or social.
 Maladaptation/Malignancy
Too much industry leads to maladaptive tendency called Narrow Virtuosity. Much more common is the
malignancy called Inertia. This includes all of us who suffer from the “inferiority complexes”.
 Virtue
A happier thing is to develop the right balance of industry and inferiority – that is, mostly industry with
just a touch of inferiority to keep us sensibly humble. Then we have the virtue called competency.
5 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 5: IDENTITY VS. ROLE

CONFUSION
 Psychosocial Crisis
Stage five is adolescence, beginning puberty and ending around 18 or 20 years old. The task during
adolescence is to achieve ego identity and avoid role confusion. Ego identity means knowing who you are and how
you fit in to the rest of society.
6 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 6: INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

 Psychosocial Crisis
The ages in the adult stages are much fuzzier than in the childhood stages , and people may differ
dramatically. The task is to achieve some degree of intimacy as opposed to remaining in isolation.
 Maladaptation/Malignancy
Erikson calls the Maladaptive from promiscuity referring particularly to the tendency to become
intimate too freely, too easily, and without any depth to your intimacy.
 Virtue
If you successfully negotiate this stage, you will instead carry with for the rest of your life the
virtue or psychosocial strength.
7 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 7: GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION

 Psychosocial Crisis
The seventh stage is that of middle adulthood. The task here is to cultivate the proper balance of
generativity and stagnation. Generativity is an extension of love into the future.
 Maladaptation/Malignancy
It is perhaps had to imagine that we should have any “stagnation in our lives, but the Maladaptive
Tendency Erikson calls Overextension.
 Value
But if you are successful at this stage, you will have a capacity for caring that will serve you through the
rest of your life.
 8 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 8: INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

 Psychosocial Crisis
This is the last stage, referred to delicately as late adulthood or maturity, or less delicately as old age. In
Erikson’s theory, reaching this stage is a good thing, and not reaching it suggests that earlier problems retarded
your development. Th task is to develop ego integrity with a minimal amount of despair.
 Maladaptation/Malignancy
The Maladaptive tendency in stage eight is called presumption. The person in old age believes that he alone
is right. The malignant tendency is called disdain by which Erikson means a contempt of life, one’s own or
anyone’s. the person becomes very negative and appears to hate life.
 Virtue
Someone who approaches death without fear has the strength Erikson called wisdom.
THANK
YOU!