SPRINKLER SYSTEM

• LECTURE BY:-

S.V. REDDY
ASSISTANT COMMANDANT
VSTPP VINDHYANAGAR
 SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• SPRINKLER:-
• SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS FIXED FIRE FIGHTING
INSTALLATIONS
• GENERLLY SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS INSTALLED IN
HIGH FIRE RISK AREAS WHERE FIRE FIGHTING
IS FOUND DIFFICULT
• SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO CONTROL
THE FIRE AT EARLIER STAGES.
 TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• WET PIPE SYSTEM
• DRY PIPE SYSTEM
• ALTERNATE DRY & WET SYSTEM.
• DELUGE SYSTEM
• PRE-ACTION SYSTEM.
SPRINKLER HEADS
 SPRINKLER
• Sprinkler system is fixed Fire Fighting
installations.
• Generally Sprinkler system is installed in high
fire risk areas where fire fighting is found
different.
• Sprinkler system is designed to control the fire
at its earlier stages.
 TYPE OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• Wet Pipe system.
• Dry pipe system.
• Alternate Dry & Wet System.
• Deluge System.
• Pre-action System.
 SPRINKLER HEADS
• There are two types of Sprinkler system heads
namely.
• 1. Fusible Solder type
• 2. Bulb type(Quartzoid bulb)
COMPONENT PART OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM

• Reliable Source of water with desired pressure

• Regular pattern of spray nozzles (Sprinkler
Heads)
• A temperature sensitive fire detector
• Fire alarm and warning system
• Valve and piping system to distribute water
from source to sprinkler heads (riser main
distribution pipe, range pipe etc.
OPERATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• Wet pipe system
• Dry pipe system
• Deluge system
• Pre-action system
 WET PIPE OPERATION
• Component parts
– Stop valve on source of supply.
– Non return valve on each source of supply.
– Main stop valve on installation.
– Test and drain valve.
Alarm valve and accelerator three gauges which shows pressure in the
installation water mains and pressure below the main stop valve.
• This type of installation is always charge with water when sprinkler head open
some quality of water is released through the head which decreases the
pressure at the sprinkler head.
• Thus water enters into alarm stop valve which rises the alarm.
• At the same time water enters into system and emerges through the sprinkler
head.
OPERATION FOR DRY PIPE SYSTEM
• Component parts –
• The stop valve source of supply
– Non return valve on each source of supply
– Main stop valve on installation
– Taste and drain valve
– Differential valve and accelerator
– Three gauges which shows pressure in the installation
water main and pressure below the main stop valve
• In this system the pipe are at all the times kept charge with
air under sufficient pressure to hold back the water
• This system is same us wet pipe system but differential air
valve is substitute for alarm valve
OPERATION FOR DRY PIPE SYSTEM
• A differential valve consist of two valves one large and
one small the upper valve eight times large than the
lower one and is held in position by air pressure and
water seal the space between both valves subjected to
atmospheric pressure.
• When sprinkler head opens the compressed air escapes
thus reducing pressure on the upper valve which allows
lower valve to open so that water enters into the
sprinkler system and emerges at the open sprinkler head.
• However there is some delay for this operation hence a
device called accelerator is fitted into the system which
speed-up entry of water into the system
 OPERATION O DELUGE SYSTEM
• Component parts –
– Quartzite bulb detector
– Water projector
– Source of supply for compressed air
– Automatic deluge valve with diaphragm unit
– Water supply source
• Quartzite bulb detector are mounted in an independent
pipe for system continuing compressed air
• When these detector activates the compressed air released
which causes rapid fall in pressure on diaphragm
• This movement of diaphragm for causes the deluge valve to
open water to discharge through projectors
 OPERATION OF PREACTION SYSTEM
• The system consist of head detector and
incorporating a special pre-action control valve
capable of repeated on/of cycles
• The recycling occurs as a result of the heat
detector operation which, acting as an electrical
interlock causes the pre-action follow control
valve to open and close
• This system restrict water damage after the fire
has been extinguished or mechanical damage to
the pipe network our sprinkler heads
 BULB TYPE
• Color rating for Bulb type Sprinkler head
• The temperature rating chosen should be
close as possible to, but not less than 30
degree Celsius above the highest anticipated
temperature conditions .
 FUSIBLE SOLDER TYPE
• Colour rating for fusible Metal Sprinkler Head
• The temperature rating chosen should be
close as possible to, but not less than 30
degree Celsius above the highest anticipated
temperature conditions .
MAXIMUM AREA COVERED BY A SPRINKLER

• Light Hazard - 21 mtr. Sqr.

• Ordinary Hazard - 12 mtr. Sqr.
• High Hazard - 9 mtr. Sqr.
 TYPE OF SPRINKLER
• Pendent Pattern
• Ceiling Flush Pattern
• Side Wall Pattern (Vertical / Horizontal)
• Dry Upright Pattern
• Recessed Pattern
• Convectional Pattern
INSPECTION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• Sprinkler Head shall be inspected from the door
level annually. It should be free of corrosion, foreign
material, physical damage and shall be installed in
proper orientation
• Sprinkler pipe network and fitted shall be inspected
annually from the door level. Pipe and fitting shall
be good in condition and free of mechanical
damage, leakage, corrosion and misalignment
• Sprinkler piping shall not be subjected to any
external load by material either resting on the pipe
and from the pipe
INSPECTION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• Gauges on Wet Pipe Sprinkler System shall be
inspected monthly to ensure that they are in
good condition and normal water supply
pressure is maintained
• Gauges on Pre-action and Dry pipe Sprinkler
System shall be inspected weekly to ensure
that normal air and water pressure is being
maintained
• Alarm devices shall be inspected quarterly to
ensure that they are free from physical
damage
MAINTENANCE OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• Maintenance, alteration and repair of systems not fully
operational should be carried out in a way that will
minimize the time and extend of non operability
• When an installation is rendered inoperative the users
shall implement compensatory measures such as shutting
of fire doors, alertness of security and safety staff, etc.
• As much as possible of the installation shall be retained in
a operative condition by blanking of pipe-network feeding
from the inoperative part where work is taking place.
• Control Valves should be tested annually to ensure that
they operate properly, move freely and are in good
condition
 MAINTENANCE OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• Replacement sprinklers shall have proper
characteristics for application intended.
• These include the following:-
– Style
– Orifice size
– Temperature rating
– Deflector type
– Design requirement
• Orifice size
– Light Hazard - 10mm
– Ordinary Hazard - 15mm
– High Hazard - 20mms