GE 119

Living in an IT
ERA
Definition of
Computer
A computer is a machine or device that performs
processes, calculations and operations based on
instructions provided by a software or hardware
program.
It is designed to execute applications and provides a
variety of solutions by combining integrated hardware
and software components.

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4607/computer
Brief History of
Computers
Pre-Mechanical Computing:
From Counting on fingers
to pebbles
to hash marks on walls
to hash marks on bone
to hash marks in sand
 Tally Stick
A tally stick was an ancient memory
aid device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even
messages.
Mechanical computers
From
The Abacus
c. 4000 BCE
to
Charles Babbage
and his Difference Engine (1812)
 The Abacus
(c. 3000 BCE)
An abacus is a mechanical device used
to aid an individual in performing
mathematical calculations.
The abacus in the form we are most
familiar with was first used in China in
around 500 B.C.
 Napier’s Bones
and
Logarithms (1617)
Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square
and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them
in specially constructed boards.

John Napier
 Oughtred’s (1621) and
Schickard‘s (1623]
slide rule
Use logs to perform multiplication and
division by using addition and subtraction.

Rev. William Oughtred

 Blaise Pascal’s
Pascaline (1645)
a mechanical calculator

Blaise Pascal
 Gottfried Wilhelm von
Leibnitz’s
Stepped Reckoner (1674)
The machine that can add, subtract, multiply
and divide automatically.

Gottfried Wilhelm
von Leibnitz
 Joseph-Marie Jacquard and
his punched card controlled
looms (1804)
It an automatic loom controlled by punched
cards.

Joseph-Marie
Jacquard
Jacquard loom
 Charles Babbage (1791-1871)
The Father of Computers

An automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial

functions.
Lady Augusta Ada, Countess of Lovelace
the first computer programmer
In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron, daughter of the poet Lord Byron,
later on Ada Lovelace, suggests to Babbage that he use the
binary system.
She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.
She Programmed Analytical Engine using punched cards.
Electro-mechanical
computers
From
Herman Hollerith’s
1890
Census Counting Machine
to
Howard Aiken
and the Harvard Mark I (1944)
Herman Hollerith and his
Census Tabulating
Machine (1884)
 The Harvard Mark I (1944)
aka IBM’s Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
The computer had mechanical relays (switches) which flip-
flopped back and forth to represent mathematical data.

Howard Aiken
 The first computer bug

U.S. Rear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray

Hopper
VIDEOS:
The History of Computin
g
What does what in your computer?
Computer parts Explained

Past and Present | Technology Then and

Now
 WHAT IS
INSIDE YOUR
COMPUTER?
(HARDWARE)
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

Also called as a Processor, is the electronic

circuitry within a computer that carries out the

instructions of a computer program by

performing the basic arithmetic, logic,

controlling, and input/ouput (I/O) operations

specified by the instructions.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

CORE COUNT

A core is a processor. In the past, CPUs had

only one core. However, after the capabilities of

single-core CPUs were pushed to their limits.

This era the more cores the better your

computer will be at multi-tasking.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

CLOCK SPEED (FREQUENCY)

The clock speed of a CPU is how many

instructions per second it can process and is

typically reported in MegaHertz (MHz) or

GigaHertz (Ghz). For example, a 3.0 Ghz (or

3000Mhz) processor can complete

3,000,000,000 instructions per second.

 MANUFACTURER

FUN FACT: In the internet, they are known as Team Blue vs Team Red
 PRODUCT LINE

Both AMD and INTEL have several series of CPUs on offer, and these are grouped according to their
intended use and pricing.
 PRODUCT LINE

EXAMPLES

• Ryzen 3/ Intel Core i3 – Affordable solutions for gamers who are on a budget

• Ryzen 5/ Intel Core i5 – More powerful mid-range models that are great for gaming

and can run some professional software well, too.

• Ryzen 7/ Intel Core i7 - Performance-oriented CPUs used for various CPU-heavy

software and high-end gaming

• Ryzen 9/ Intel Core i9 – Top-notch workstation CPUs that you’ll rarely find in any but

the most hardcore gaming setups.

SOCKET TYPE

When buying a CPU, you need to make sure

that you’re also getting a motherboard with the

appropriate socket.

The socket is the interface via which the CPU

connects and communicates with other

components via the motherboard. Different

sockets have different pin configurations and

can differ in terms of size as well. If the

motherboard doesn’t have the right socket, the

CPU won’t physically fit.

 SOCKET TYPE

AMD: AM4
INTEL: LGA 1151
 CPU GENERATION / NAMING SCHEME

GOOGLE KEYBOARD: Intel naming Scheme,

 CPU GENERATION / NAMING SCHEME

GOOGLE KEYBOARD: AMD naming Scheme,

MOTHERBOARD

Alternatively referred to as the MB,

Mainboard, MOBO. The motherboard circuit

board and foundation of a computer that is the

biggest board in a computer chassis. It

allocates power and allows communication to

and between the CPU, RAM, and all other

computer hardware components.

REMEMBER THIS KID FROM HIGH SCHOOL? THIS IS HIM NOW.

Feeling old yet?

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Alternatively to as MEMORY, it’s an extremely fast

type of computer memory which temporarily stores

all the information your PC needs right now and in

the near future. It’s where your computer loads up

all the things it thinks it will need to find out soon, so

that when it does need something; it can read it

super fast.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
VIDEO CARD

Alternatively to as GRAPHICS CARD, is an

expansion card that allows the computer to send

graphical information to a video display device such

as a monitor, TV, or projector.

THEN VS NOW
GRAPHICAL PROCESSING UNIT (GPU)

Is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly

manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the

creation of images in a frame buffer intended for

output to a display device.

 MANUFACTURER of BLUEPRINTS

FUN FACT: In the internet, they are known as Team Green vs Team Red
 VENDORS

ASUS STRIX

NVIDEA: GTX 1060 AMD: RX 580

 VENDORS

OTHER KNOWN VENDORS

POWER SUPPLY

Is an electrical device that supplies electric power to

an electric load. The primary function to a power

supply is to convert electric current from a source to

the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power

the load.
POWER SUPPLY RATINGS
POWER SUPPLY BRANDS
www.pcpartpicker.com
www.pcpartpicker.com
SOFTWARE
 CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE

SYSTEM APPLICATION FIRMWARE

SOFTWARE SOFTWARE

USER DEVELOPED
OPERATING UTILITY PROGRAMS
BIOS
SYSTEM SOFTWARE

PRODUCTIVITY
DRIVERS SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer

hardware, software resources, and provides common services for

computer programs.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM

WINDOWS XP

Retail released: October 25, 2001

Support ended: April 8, 2014

SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM

WINDOWS 7

Retail released: July 22, 2009

Support ends : January 20, 2020

SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM

WINDOWS 10

Retail released: July 10, 20015

SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM

UBUNTU

Retail released: October 20, 2004

SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM

MacOS
SYSTEM SOFTWARE UTILITY SOFTWARE

Utility software is system software designed to help to analyze,

configure, optimize or maintain a computer. It is used to support the

computer infrastructure – in contrast to application software, which is

aimed at directly performing tasks that benefit ordinary users.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE UTILITY SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE UTILITY SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE DRIVERS

A driver in software provides a specific lower level interface that is

often linked to a specific type of hardware, or other low-level service.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE DRIVERS
SYSTEM SOFTWARE DRIVERS
APPLICATION SOFTWARE USER DEVELOPED PRORAMS

POINT OF SALE (POS)

APPLICATION SOFTWARE PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE
FIRMWARE BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM

A software used to perform hardware initialization during the booting

process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for

operating systems and programs.

FIRMWARE BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM
 SOFTWARE LICENSING

OWNERSHIP vs LICENSING

You are buying a license to use the

program. There is not any transferring
of ownership.
SOFTWARE LICENSING: MICROSOFT OFFICE 2019

PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE LICENSE

Is a non-free computer software for which

the software’s publisher or another person
retains intellectual property rights, usually
copyright of the source code, but sometimes
patent rights.
SOFTWARE LICENSING: ADOBE CREATIVE SUITE (CS)

PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE LICENSE

Is a non-free computer software for which

the software’s publisher or another person
retains intellectual property rights, usually
copyright of the source code, but sometimes
patent rights.
SOFTWARE LICENSING: ADOBE CREATIVE CLOUD (CC)

SUBSCRIPTION-BASED LICENSE

Is a non-free computer software for which

the software’s publisher or another person
retains intellectual property rights, usually
copyright of the source code, but sometimes
patent rights.
SOFTWARE LICENSING: OPEN SOURCE

GOOGLE CHROME
SOFTWARE LICENSING: OPEN SOURCE

OPEN BROADCASTER SOFTWARE (OBS)

SOFTWARE LICENSING: FREEWARE

SKYPE
 SOFTWARE LICENSING

FREEWARE vs OPEN SOURCE

Open source software codes should

always be available to the public so
they can create their version and
redistribute it.
 SOFTWARE LICENSING

HOW TO KNOW THE LICENSE?

READ THE
END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
(EULA)
END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
Thank
s!
Any questions?