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Quality Control and Acceptance Sampling

The document discusses quality control techniques including acceptance sampling, process control, and inspection. It explains that quality control evaluates processes and outputs relative to standards and takes corrective action when needed. Acceptance sampling applies quality control to inputs and outputs while process control applies it to transformation systems. Inspection compares goods or services to standards. Control charts are used to monitor process stability and determine if variation is from common or special causes. The document outlines where to inspect in processes and defines key quality control terms.

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Mark Ortiz Luis Oller
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449 views15 pages

Quality Control and Acceptance Sampling

The document discusses quality control techniques including acceptance sampling, process control, and inspection. It explains that quality control evaluates processes and outputs relative to standards and takes corrective action when needed. Acceptance sampling applies quality control to inputs and outputs while process control applies it to transformation systems. Inspection compares goods or services to standards. Control charts are used to monitor process stability and determine if variation is from common or special causes. The document outlines where to inspect in processes and defines key quality control terms.

Uploaded by

Mark Ortiz Luis Oller
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Quality Control Overview: Introduces the purpose and definition of quality control, emphasizing its role in assuring acceptable processes.
  • Quality Control Techniques: Describes techniques in quality control, including acceptance sampling and process control, highlighting their application points.
  • Inspection Process: Outlines the inspection activity involved in comparing goods or services to a standard, detailing stages of production where inspections occur.
  • Quality Assurance: Illustrates quality assurance measures across raw materials, process plants, buildings, and inventories with examples.
  • Statistical Process Control: Focuses on using statistical methods to evaluate process outputs and maintain control over quality standards.
  • Control Charts: Explains the purpose and development of control charts as tools for monitoring process variations and maintaining specification conformance.
  • Process Variability: Discusses variability and capability in processes, including run tests and specification variability insights.
  • Acceptance Sampling: Presents methods of inspection and sampling plans applied before and after production to ensure conformance to quality standards.

Quality Control and

Acceptance Sampling

Oller, Mark Angelo O. L.


BSBA – Management
Production & Operations Mgt.
Purpose of Quality Control:

- T o assure that processes are performing in an acceptable manner

Quality Control

- A process that evaluates output relative to a standard, and takes


corrective action when output doesn’t meet standards. If the results are
acceptable, no further action is required; unacceptable results call for
corrective action
Quality Control Techniques

– can be applied to an organization’s inputs, transformation system, and


outputs

Acceptance Sampling

– quality control applied to inputs and outputs


 
Process Control

– quality control applied to the transformation system


INSPECTION

•Is an appraisal activity that compares goods or services to a standard

•Involves determining, sometimes by testing, whether or not an input or


output conforms to organizational standards of quality
it occur at three points:

[Link] production – the logic of checking conformance is to make sure


that inputs are acceptable

[Link] production – the logic of checking conformance is to make sure


that the conversion of inputs into output is proceeding in an acceptable
manner

[Link] production – the logic of checking conformance is to make a final


verification of conformance before passing goods on to customers.
Inspection before and after production often involves ACCEPTANCE
SAMPLING procedure; monitoring during the production process is referred
to as PROCESS CONTROL

INPUTS TRANFORMATION  OUTPUTS


Acceptance Sampling - Process Control - Acceptance Sampling

Where to Inspect in the Process?

[Link] RECEIPT OF RESOURCES – checking the quality of raw materials


and purchased parts and supplies, testing equipment for ability to meet
specifications, verifying the skills of the staff
[Link] TRANSFORMATION OPERATIONS BY THE WORKER – if an
operation is expensive, irreversible (such as mixing food ingredients), or
of a concealing nature (such as assemblies, coating, plating)

3. IMMEDIATELY BEFORE ANY BOTTLENECK OPERATION


– there is no advantage in feeding a scarce resource defective items that
simply consume more of its time

[Link] THE FIRST FEW ITEMS COME OUT OF AN AUTOMATIC


OPERATION

[Link] TRANSFORMATION OPERATIONS

[Link] FIND INSPECTION

[Link] CUSTOMERS COMPLAIN, RETURN GOODS, OR REQUIRE SERVICE


Example of inspection points in service organization:

Types of Business Inspection Points Characteristic

Fast food -Cashier Accuracy

-Counter Area Appearance, Productivity

-Eating Area Cleanliness, No loitering

-Building & Ground Appearance,S afety


Hazards

-Kitchen Cleanliness, Purity of


food, Food storage,
Health Regulations
 
Quality of Conformance

– a product or service conforms to specifications


 
Statistical Process Control

– to evaluate the output of a process to determine if it is statistically


acceptable

Control Chart

– A statistical tool used to distinguish between variation in a process


resulting from common causes and variation resulting from special causes.
It presents a graphic display of process stability over time.
Purpose of Control Chart:

• To monitor process output to see if it is random

• To monitor the extent to which our products meet specifications. In the


most general terms, there are two "enemies" of product quality:
[Link] from target specifications
[Link] variability around target specifications

How do we develop a control chart?


Developing a control chart consists of four major steps:

Step 1: Determine what to measure


Step 2: Collect the data
Step 3: Plot the data
Step 4: Calculate the control limits
Variable Data

– are measurable characteristic such as weight, temperature, and


diameter.
 
Attribute Data

– are descriptive characteristic of an output such as acceptable and


defective or good and bad.

Chance Variation(Random)

– is the variability that is built into (actually, allowed to remain in) the
system. There is a “play” between the gears and mechanical parts of
machines; there is variation in the inputs; processing conditions are
variable; and human performance is particularly variable.
Assignable Variation

– occurs because some element of the system or some operating condition


is out of control. A machine may be excessively worn, a part may be
broken, a worker may be mistrained, inspection gages or instruments
may be faulty, and so forth.

Two types of Errors:


1. Type I error – is committed when an innocent defendant (a good-
quality lot) is found guilty (declared “defective”)

2. Type II error – is made when a guilty defendant (a “defective” lot) is


found innocent(declared of good quality)
Variables – generate data that are measured
 
Attributes – generates data that are counted
 
Mean Control Chart – control chart used to monitor the central tendency
of a process
 
Range Control Chart – control chart used to monitor process dispersion
 
p-Chart – control chart for attributes, used to monitor the proportion of
defective items in a process

c-Chart – control chart for attributes, used to monitor the number of


defects per unit
Run Test
– a test for randomness
 
Run
– sequence of observation with a certain characteristics
 
Specifications
– a range of acceptable values established by engineering design or
customer requirements
 
Process Variability
– natural or inherent variability in a process
 
Process Capability
– the inherent variability of process output relative to the variation
allowed by the design specification
 Acceptance Sampling
Acceptance Sampling – form of inspection applied to lots or batches of
items before or after a process, to judge conformance with
predetermined standards
 
Sampling Plans – plans that specify lot size, sample size, number of
samples, and acceptance/rejection criteria
 
Single-Sampling Plan – one random is drawn from each lot and every item
in the sample is examined and classified as either “good” or “defective.”
 
Double-Sampling Plan – allows for a opportunity to take a second sample
if the results of the initial sample are inconclusive
 
Multiple-Sampling Plan – similar to a double-sampling pan except that
more than two samples may be required
 

Quality Control and Quality Control and Acceptance Sampling Acceptance Sampling Oller, Mark Angelo O. L. BSBA – Management
Purpose of Quality Control: - T o assure that processes are performing in an acceptable manner Quality Control - A process t
Quality Control Techniques – can be applied to an organization’s inputs, transformation system, and outputs Acceptance Samp
INSPECTION •Is an appraisal activity that compares goods or services to a standard •Involves determining, sometimes by testin
Inspection before and after production often involves ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING procedure; monitoring during the production proces
2.BEFORE TRANSFORMATION OPERATIONS BY THE WORKER – if an operation is expensive, irreversible (such as mixing food ingredien
Example of inspection points in service organization: Types of Business Inspection Points Characteristic Fast food -Cashier A
 
Quality of Conformance – a product or service conforms to specifications   Statistical Process Control – to evaluate the ou
Purpose of Control Chart: • To monitor process output to see if it is random • To monitor the extent to which our products m

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