ORDINARY AND

ELECTRIC DETONATOR
NAME :- MONITH CHINTALA
PRN :- 1941881701052
SUBJECT :- DRILLING AND BLASTING
ROLL NO :- 039
MINING II YEAR IV SEM
DETONATOR
A detonator, frequently a blasting cap, is a device used
to trigger an explosive device. Detonators can be
chemically, mechanically, or electrically initiated, the
latter two being the most common.
A blasting cap is a small sensitive primary
explosive device generally used to detonate a larger,
more powerful and less sensitive secondary
explosive such as TNT, dynamite, or plastic explosive.
Blasting caps come in a variety of types, including
non-electric caps, electric caps, and fuse caps. They
are used in commercial mining, excavation,
and demolition. Electric types are set off by a short
burst of current sent by a blasting machine via a long
wire to the cap to ensure safety. Traditional fuse caps
have a fuse which is ignited by a flame source, such
as a match or a lighter
 Many detonators' primary explosive is a material
called ASA compound. This compound is formed
from lead azide, lead styphnate and aluminium and is
pressed into place above the base charge,
usually TNT or tetryl in military detonators
and PETN in commercial detonators.

The commercial use of explosives uses electrical

detonators or the capped fuse which is a length of
safety fuse to which an ordinary detonator has been
joined.
ORDINARY DETONATORS
Ordinary detonators usually take the form of ignition-based
explosives. While they are mainly used in commercial
operations, ordinary detonators are still used in military
operations. This form of detonator is most commonly
initiated using a safety fuse, and used in non time-critical
detonations e.g. conventional munitions disposal. Well
known detonators are lead azide [Pb(N3)2], silver
azide [AgN3] and mercury fulminate [Hg(ONC)2].
 It is initiated by safety fuse which is inserted in the
open end of the ordinary detonator & held there by
crimping it. The fire conveyed by safety fuse initiates
the explosive charge inside the shell.
Ordinary detonators are inexpensive blasting initiators,
popularly used in opencast / non-gassy mines stone
quarries, well sinking, road construction, surface
excavation, secondary blasting and shock tube blast
initiation. They are widely used as a safe alternative
in locations which have potential static hazards for
electric detonators.
The aluminium tube of 6mm dia 37mm to 20mm long
there left sufficient space in.
The tube for insertion of a safety fuse.
ELECTRIC DETONATORS
There are three categories of electrical
detonators: 
instantaneous electrical
detonators (IED),
 short period delay detonators (SPD)
and 
long period delay detonators (LPD).
SPDs are measured in milliseconds and LPDs are measured
in seconds. In situations where nanosecond accuracy is
required, specifically in the implosion charges in nuclear
weapons, exploding-bridgewire detonators are employed.
The initial shock wave is created by vaporizing a length
of a thin wire by an electric discharge.
An instantaneous electric detonator is a
type of electric detonator that explodes
instantaneously when electricity is
turned on.
When an adequately high ignition
current is led to the leading wires, the
resistance wire heats up inside the fuse
head, causing its pyrotechnical
composition to deflagrate and ignite
the delay element, which, in turn,
ignites the explosive, initial charge,
and base charge at the bottom of the
detonator after a predefined time.
The base charge of Firex electric detonators manufactured
by OY FORCIT AB is of hexogen, and the strength
rating of the detonator is 8 (10 according to the Prior
test). Therefore, it will reliably ignite detonator-sensitive
explosives and boosters. A FIREX detonator includes, in
total, 1 g of explosive.
The pyrotechnical delay element delays the beginning of
the explosion for a predefined time once the ignition
impulse has reached the detonator. The delay times range
from 25 ms (0.025 s) to 5000 ms (5s). To reduce the
danger of unintended ignition caused by static electricity,
the fuse head is covered by a protective sleeve.
FIREX detonators do not include a primary explosive.
This has been replaced with penthrite compressed
inside a steel reinforcement. With respect to penthrite
encapsulated in this way, combustion quickly
accelerates to detonation, which then ignites the base
charge. In comparison to detonators that use very
sensitive primary explosives, these types of
detonators that do not include a primary explosive
are not so sensitive to mechanical impact.
THANK YOU