PRODUCTIVITY

(Productivity Engineering
and Management)
IEM 632 – FUNDAMENTALS OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
“PRODUCTIVITY (Productivity Engineering and Management)”
Prepared by: Bagulbagul, Jenny Vie L.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Define Productivity
 To identify the factors influencing productivity
 To learn productivity improvement techniques
PRODUCTIVITY
Productivity is a quantitative relation between what we
produce (output) and we use as a resource to produce
them (input).

Productivity refers to the efficiency of the production

system.

Productivity is a concept of production system and

measures its success.
PRODUCTIVITY
Productivity is simply known as the relationship between
output and all employed inputs measured in real terms. It
also refers to a comparison between what comes out of
production and what goes into production that is arithmetical
ratio between the mount produced and the amount of all
resources used in terms of manufacture.

High productivity refers to doing the work in a shortest

possible time with least expenditure on inputs without
sacrificing quality and minimum wastage of resources.
 FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCTIVITY
1. Controllable (Internal) Factors 2. Uncontrollable (External) Factors
a. Product factor a.Structural adjustments
b. Plant and Equipment b.Natural resources
c. Technology c.Government and infrastructure
d. Material and Energy
e. Human Factor
f. Work Methods
g. Management Style
CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
1. Product Factor – In terms of productivity means the
extent to which the product meets output requirements
product is judged by its usefulness.
2. Plant and Equipment – The increased availability of
the plant through proper maintenance and reduction of
idle time increases the productivity.
3. Technology – Innovative and latest technology
improves productivity to a greater extent.
CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
The various aspects of technology factors to be
considered are:
a.Size and capacity of the plant
b.Timely supply and quality of inputs
c.Production planning and control
d.Repairs and maintenance
e.Waste reduction
f.Efficient material handling system
CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
4. Material and Energy – Efforts to reduce materials
and energy consumption brings about considerable
improvement in productivity.
a.Selection of quality material and right material
b.Control of wastage and scrap
c.Effective stock control
d.Development of sources of supply
e.Optimum energy utilisation and energy savings
CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
5. Human Factors – Productivity is basically dependent upon
human competence and skill.
6. Work Methods – Improving the ways in which the work is
done (methods) improves productivity, work study and
industrial engineering techniques and training are the areas
which improve the work methods, which in term enhances
the productivity.
7. Management Styles – A flexible and dynamic
management style is a better approach to achieve higher
productivity.
UNCONTROLLABLE FACTORS
1. Structural adjustments – Structural adjustments
include both economic and social changes. Economic
changes that influence significantly are:
a.Shift in employment from agriculture to
manufacturing industry
b.Import of technology
c.Industrial competitiveness
2. Natural Resources – Manpower, land and raw
materials are vital to the productivity improvement.
UNCONTROLLABLE FACTORS
3. Government and infrastructure – Government
policies and programmes are significant to productivity
practices of government agencies, transport and
communication power, fiscal policies (interest rates
and taxes) influence productivity to the greater extent.
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES
1. Technology Based
2. Employee Based
3. Material Based
4. Process Based
5. Product Based
6. Task Based
1. TECHNOLOGY BASED
1. CAD - Computer Aided Design
2. CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing
3. CIMS - Computer Integrated Manufacturing System
1. TECHNOLOGY BASED
1. TECHNOLOGY BASED
1. CAD - Computer Aided Design
Computer Aided Design systems create mathematical
models based on user input. Individual models can
then be combined as compnents of an assembly to
create a product. Parasolid adds value by being able
to model real life objects more accuratedly and more
reliably.
Advantages of CAD
1. Speed evaluation of alternative design
2. Minimize the risk of functioning
3. Error reduction
2. CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing
Computer Aided Manufacturing systems analyze
designs created by CAD systems by calculating stress,
applying the principles of thermodynamics, vibration,
mechanisms, acoustics, aerodynamics and
electromagnetism. Analyzing, making design changes
and re-analyzing optimize a design.
CAM is very much useful to design and control the
manufacturing. It helps to achieve the effectiveness in
production system by line balancing.
1. Production Planning and Control
2. Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP),
Manufacturing Requirement Planning (MRP),
Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II)
3. Automated Inspection
3. CIMS - Computer Integrated Manufacturing System
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) encompasses the
entire range of product development and manufacturing
activities wth all the functions being carried out with the
help of dedicated software packages. CIM uses a common
database wherever feasible and communication
technologies to integrate design, manufacturing and
associated business functions that combine the automated
segments of a factory or a manufacturing facility.
Computer integrated manufacturing is characterised by
automatic line balancing, machine loading (scheduling
and sequencing), automatic inventory control and
inspection.
1. Robotics
2. Laser technology
3. Modern maintenance techniques
4. Energy technology
5. Flexible manufacturing system
2. EMPLOYEE BASED
1. Financial and non-financial incentives at individual
and group level
2. Employee promotion
3. Job design, job enlargement, job enrichment and job
rotation
4. Worker participation in decision-making
5. Quality Circles (QC), Small Group Activities (SGA)
6. Personal development
3. MATERIAL BASED
1. Material planning and control
2. Purchasing, logistics
3. Material storage and retrieval
4. Source selection and procurement of quality material
5. Waste elimination
4. PROCESS BASED
1. Methods engineering and work simplication
2. Job design evaluation, job safety
3. Human factors engineering
5. PRODUCT BASED
1. Value analysis and value engineering
2. Product diversification
3. Standardisation and simplification
4. Reliability engineering
5. Product mix and promotion
6. TASK BASED
1. Management style
2. Communication in the organization
3. Work culture
4. Motivation
5. Promotion group activity
References
Production and Operations Management (with Skills Development,
Caselets and Cases by S. Anil Kumar & N. Suresh
Productivity Engineering and Management by David J. Sumanth
CAD/CAM/CIM by P. Radhakrishan, S. Subramanyan & V. Raju
(Publishing for One World)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETz67OUsXC0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPTje97q5hk

THANK YOU!