TRANSACTION ANALYSIS

@Dr Aubid Hussain Parrey

Assistant Professor
The Business School
University of Jammu
checkaubidhussain@gmail.com
 INTRODUCTION

 Eric Berne, 1950

 Social interaction
 Dynamics of self and its relationship to others.
 Method of analysing and understanding interpersonal
behaviour.

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Contd…

 Transactional analysis is primarily concerned with

following:
 Analysis of self awareness
 Analysis of ego states
 Analysis of transactions
 Script analysis
 Games analysis
 Analysis of life positions
 Stroking

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Contd…

 1. Analysis of Self Awareness

 The interpersonal relationships are composed of inter-self.
 Self is the core of personality pattern which provides
interaction.
 Self awareness is an important concept which describes the
self in terms of image, both conscious and unconscious.

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 JOHARI WINDOW

 Joseph Luft and Harrington have developed a diagram

to look at one’s personality.
 It includes behaviors and attitudes that can be known
and unknown to self and known and unknown to others.
 This diagram is known as the JOHARI WINDOW.
 It comprising of 4 parts.

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 JOHARI WINDOW

Information Information not

known to self known to self

Information known to OPEN BLIND

others

Information not HIDDEN UNKNOWN

known to others

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Contd…

 2. Analysiss of Ego States

 People interact with each other in terms of psychological
positions or behavioral patterns known as ego states.
 Ego states are person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving
at any time.
 3 important ego states - Child, Adult and Parent.
 A person of any age have these ego states in varying degree.

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 THE EGO STATES

PARENT ADULT CHILD

Contd…

A. Parent ego state:

 These people tend to talk to people and treat others like
children. The characteristics of a person with parent ego state
are:
 Judgmental
 Rule maker
 Moralizing
 Over protective
 indispensable

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Contd…

B. Adult ego state:

 The adult ego state is authentic, direct, reality based, fact
seeking and problem solving.
 They assume human beings as equal, worthy and
responsible.
 The process of adult ego state formation goes through one’s
own experiences and continuously updating attitudes left over
from childhood.
 People with adult ego state, gather relevant information,
carefully analyze it, generate alternatives and make logical
choices.
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Contd…

C. Child ego state:

 The child ego state is characterized by very immature
behavior.
 The important features of child ego state are creativity,
anxiety, depression, dependence, fear, joy, emotional,
sentimental etc.

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ANALYSIS OF LIFE POSITIONS
 LIFE POSITIONS

 Life position, was originally described by Eric Berne in an

article entitled “classification of positions”.
 In the process of growing up people make basic assumptions
about their own self worth as well as about the worth of
significant people in the environment.
 The combinations of assumptions about self and the other
person called as life position.
 FOUR LIFE POSITIONS

 “I am OK, you are OK” (I+U+)

 “I am OK, you are not OK” (I+U-)

 “I am not OK, you are OK” (I-U+)

 “I am not OK, you are not OK” (I-U-)

 I AM OK, YOU ARE OK

 Healthy, optimistic and confident attitude towards self and others.

 If realistic, people with this position about themselves and others
can solve their problems constructively.
 People are close to themselves and to others.
 There are no losers ,only winners.
 BEHAVIORAL ATTRIBUTES

 A person accepts others

 Well thought of
 Makes good impression
 Self respecting
 Independent
 Can be strict if necessary
 Appreciative
 Cooperative
 Friendly
 Affectionate
 Understanding
 I AM OK, YOU ARE NOT OK

 I am better and you are not good.

 It is a position of people who project their problems onto others
and blame them, put them down, and criticize them.
 Results when a person is ignored too much as child.
 BEHAVIORAL ATTRIBUTES

 Comes over as distrustful, arrogant superior. Thinks that others

are inferiors
 Can complain if necessary
 Independent
 Can be indifferent to others
 Can be strict if necessary
 Hard to impress
 Bossy
 Impatient with others mistakes
 I AM NOT OK, YOU ARE OK

 It is a common position of persons who feel powerless when they

compare themselves to others.
 Self deprecating and readily accepts criticism and negative strokes
from others.
 Results when person is bullied, betrayed by others or dominated
by parents.
 BEHAVIORAL ATTRIBUTES

 Attitudes of depression, powerlessness and inferiority.

 Apologetic
 Normally gives in
 Touching and easily hurt
 Lacks self confidence
 Passive
 Unaggressive
 Meek
 I AM NOT OK, YOU ARE NOT
OK

 It is the black outlook.

 It is a position of those who lose interest in living, who exhibit
schizoid behavior, and who in extreme cases, commit suicide or
homicide.
 BEHAVIORAL ATTRIBUTES

 Position of thorough hopelessness and despair.

 Critical of others
 Can complain if necessary
 Able to doubt others
 Irritable, skeptical
 Often unfriendly
 Cold and unfeeling
 Frequently angry
 SURFACE AND CHARACTER
LIFE POSITIONS

 SURFACE LIFE POSITION:

 Temporary and changes many times a day

 Reflected in types of ego states or transactions that we use
 This position is viewed as a reaction to the environment
 .

 CHARACTER LIFE POSITION:

 Far more permanent

 Reflects the individual basic character
 It is resistant to influence from environment and cant be
changed by free will or conscious decision alone.
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