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Thermal Analysis and Design of Cooling Towers: Pay Material For Electric Power
Thermal Analysis and Design of Cooling Towers: Pay Material For Electric Power
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi
Mass Flow of Water Vapour mv
Mass Flow of Dry Air ma
m a RuT
m v RuT
paV m a RaT pvV m v RvT
Ma Mv
M v pvV
RuT M v pv pv
0.622
M a paV M a pa pa
RuT
Local Cooling Tower Theory
Heat is transferred from water drops to the surrounding air by the transfer of sensible and latent heat
Global Conservation Laws for Evaporative Cooling
SSSF Model for Cooling Tower
m CWi CW TWi m CWe CW TWe
m CWi CW TWi mCWe CW TWe
m CWi CW TWi m CWe CW TWe
mw ma 1
Tw ha
Local Air-side control volume of fill
d
ma 1 dz
dmw dz
mw dz dh
dz ha a dz
dT dz
Tw w dz
dz
~
h Tw Ta dA
mw ma 1
Tw ha
Mechanism of Heat Transfer in Cooling Towers
where:
kAV/mw = tower characteristic
k= mass transfer coefficient
A = contact area/tower volume
V = active cooling volume/plan area
mw = water flow rate
T1 = hot water temperature
T2 = cold water temperature
T = bulk water temperature
hsa = enthalpy of saturated air-water vapor mixture at bulk water temperature
(J/kg dry air)
ha = enthalpy of air-water vapor mixture (J/kg dry air )
Temperature Enthalpy Diagram of Air Water System
Tower Characteristics
• Tower Characteristic (MeM or NTU) is a characteristic of
the tower that relates tower design and operating
characteristics to the amount of heat that can be
transferred.
• For a given set of operating conditions, the design
constants that depend on the tower fill.
• For a tower that is to be evaluated using the characteristic
curve method, the manufacturer will provide a tower
characteristic curve.
n
m w
NTU C
m a
Charts for Merkel Number
MeM
Height of Natural Draught Cooling Toer
Forced Draught Cooling Towers
SUPPLY TOWER CHARACTERISTIC
m
KAV m w
C uair
n
L m a
Air Side Pressure Drop