LEARNING FROM

OTHERS AND
REVIEWING THE
LITERATURE
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 a literature review is a way for you to learn what others
think and have research related to your topic.
 STEPS
 FIND RESEARCH ARTICLES
 READ AND TAKE NOTES
 CITE YOUR SOURCES
 WRITE A LITERATURE REVIEW
 WHAT IS A LITERATURE REVIEW?

An examination on what has already been
written about your topic.
 a collection of published research about your
topic by recognized scholars and researchers.
 a way for you to examine what has already been
done in regard to your research question or
problem.
 A summary and synthesis of research driven
by a guiding concept. It is not just a list of
research sources .
 Provides a background for your problem and
a rationale for your research.
 A literature review is not a research paper.
 WHY DO WE DO A LITERATURE
REVIEW?

To get guidance on a topic
 To establish a solid background on the topic
 To see what areas of research exist.
 to investigate researchable hypothesis
 WHY DO WE DO A LITERATURE
REVIEW?
 to collect authoritative data on the topic
 to find new avenues for research direction.
 WHY ARE THE DIFFERENT KINDS
OF SOURCES?

DATABASE CONTENT
 PRIVATE SCHOOL LIBRARIES
 Subject specific databases on Variety of
topics. Useful for scholarly research and
general reference information
 WEBSITES AND OTHER
DIGITAL RESOURCES

SUBJECT SPECIFIC RESOURCES
 Google Scholar
 provides a simple way to broadly search for
scholarly literature.
 helps you find relevant work across the
world of scholarly research.
 STANDARD TEXT CITATION FORMATS


APA styles gives prominence to the date of a
publication. In text citations, use the author’s
last name and the date, separated by a comma,
as a brief reference in the text of the article to
refer to complete information in the reference
list.
  IF THE AUTHOR’S NAME IS
MENTIONED IN THE NARRATIVE.

BAGTING, 2019 OR BAGTING (2019)

 TWO AUTHORS

Always use both names every time they are referred to in
the text. Use the ampersand (&) to connect the names in
the parentheses, but spell out “and” in the running text.

 (ROTIL & IDORITA, 2019)

 (ROTIL AND IDORITA (2019) in examining institutional

design and function…
 THREE TO FIVE AUTHORS
 Cite all the authors in text the first time a reference occurs; in
subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author
followed by et al.

 FIRST REFERENCE:
(VIRAY, RECENTE, SANCHEZ, IDORITA, REGINO, 2019)
 SUBSEQUENT REFERENCES:
(PARKER ET AL.)
 SIX OR MORE AUTHORS

Cite in text only the surname of the first author
followed by et al. and the year for the first and
subsequent citations.

 (Viray et al., 2019)

 GROUP OR CORPORATE AUTHORS

 USE THE NAME OF THE BODY

IN THE CITATION

 (WORLD BANK, 1998)

 UNKNOWN AUTHOR
 USE THE FIRST FEW WORDS OF THE TITLE AS
THE REFERENCE IN THE TEXT (CAPITALIZE ALL
WORDS IN TITLE)

 (“Hair Scalp Practices”, 2019)

 author is listed as “Anonymous” Use it as if it’s the

author’s name
 (Anonymous, 2019)
When paraphrasing…