Managing Change and

Innovation
 Two Views of the Change Process
• The Calm Waters Metaphor
One metaphor envisions the organization as a large ship crossing a calm sea.
The ship’s captain and crew know exactly where they’re going because they’ve
made the trip many times before. Change comes in the form of an occasional
storm, a brief distraction in an otherwise calm and predictable trip
• White-Water Rapids Metaphor
In the other metaphor, the organization is seen as a small raft navigating a
raging river with uninterrupted white-water rapids. Aboard the raft are half-a-
dozen people who have never worked together before, who are totally
unfamiliar with the river, who are unsure of their eventual destination, and
who, as if things weren’t bad enough, are traveling at night. In the whitewater
rapids metaphor, change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual
process
External and Internal Forces for Change
The Three-Step Chang Process
 What is Organizational Change
• Organizational Change is any alteration of
people, structure, or technology in an
organization
• Agent of Change, someone to act as a catalyst
and assume the responsibility for managing
the change process
 Type of Change
• Changing Structure
• Changing Technology
• Changing People
Three Types of Change
Popular Organization Development
Technique
 Techniques for Reducing Resistance to
Change

• Education and Communication

• Participation
• Facilitation and Support
• Negotiation
• Manipulation and co-optation
• Coercion
Contemporary Issues in Managing Change

• Changing Organizational Culture

• Employee Stress
• Making Change Happen Successfully
 make the organization change capable
 understand their own role in the process
 give individual employees a role in the change process
 Stimulating and Nurturing Innovation

• Structural Variables
• Cultural Variables
• Human Resource Variables
Change-Capable Organizations
Innovation Variables
Thank You