DEDUCTIVE

REASONING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING IS A BASIC FORM OF VALID REASONING.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING, OR DEDUCTION, STARTS OUT WITH A GENERAL
STATEMENT, OR HYPOTHESIS, AND EXAMINES THE POSSIBILITIES TO
REACH A SPECIFIC AND LOGICAL CONCLUSION.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD USES DEDUCTION TO TEST HYPOTHESES AND
THEORIES. "IN DEDUCTIVE INFERENCE, WE HOLD A THEORY AND BASED
ON IT WE MAKE A PREDICTION OF ITS CONSEQUENCES. THAT IS, WE
PREDICT WHAT THE OBSERVATIONS SHOULD BE IF THE THEORY WERE
CORRECT.
• Basic for of valid reasoning
• Starts out with a general statement, or
hypothesis , and examines the
• possibilities to reach a specific , logical
conclusion
• Uses general procedures and principles to
reach a conclusion
 EXAMPLE # 1
Each of four siblings ( XAVIER, AIRISH, SANDRA, AND MARIE) bought four different cars.
One of them chooses a HONDA, a Mittsubishi , a Toyota, and a Suzuki car.
From the following clues determine which sibling bought which car.

a.) Xavier, living alone , stays next door to his sister who bought the Honda car and very far from
His sister who bought the Suzuki car. .

b.) Airish , also living alone , is younger than the one who bought the Mittsubishi car and older
than her sibling who bought the Toyota car.

c.) Sandra did not like the Toyota and Suzuki Cars , But she and her sibling , who bought the Toyota
Car , live in the same house.

SIBLINGS HONDA MITSUBISHI TOYOTA SUZUKI

NAME

XAVIER X YES X X
AIRISH X X X YES
SANDRA YES X X X
MARIE X X YES X
 
EXAMPLE #2
Use the Deductive reasoning to show that the following procedure produces a prefect cube.

• Pick 3 consecutive integers. Multiply these three consecutive integers and then add the middle
integer to the product.

a.) 1 , 2 , 3
b.) (1) (2) (3) = 6
c.) 6 + 2 = 8

a.) 4 , 5 , 6 125 = 5
b.) (4) (5) (6) 5 x 5 = 25
c.) 120 + 5 = 125 25 x 5 = 125

8 is a perfect cube number since = 8

INDUCTIVE REASONING

 Inductive reasoning is a method of logical thinking in which you use observations combined with
experiential information you already know to be true to reach a conclusion. When you are able to look
at a specific set of data and form general conclusions based on existing knowledge from past
experiences, you are using inductive reasoning.

 For example, if you review the population information of a city for the past 15 years, you may observe
that the population has increased at a consistent rate.

 If you want to predict what the population will be in five years, you can use the evidence or
information you have to make an estimate.

 Reasoning skills are one of the most important soft skills employers seek in potential candidates. In
addition to inductive reasoning, there are two other types of reasoning abductive and deductive that
are important to understand and apply both in and outside of the workplace.
*Makes broad generalization from specific observations

*Scientist use it to form hypothesis and theories

*Valid guess

*Allows the conclusion to be false

*Conclusion formed is called a “conjecture”

( idea that may or may not be correct )

Inductive reasoning process:

1. Observation
2. Theory
3. Induction

Example:
1. I get tired if I don’t drink coffee.
2. Coffee is addictive.
3. I am addicted to coffee.
EXAMPLE # 1
Use inductive reasoning to predict the next number.

a.) 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 ,10 , 12 , ?
Each successive numbers is an even number.
= 14
  EXAMPLE # 2
Make a conjecture between the relationship of the size of the resulting number
and size of original number

a.) Pick a number

b.) Multiply the number by 10
c.) Add 8 to the product
d.) Divide the sum by 2
e.) And subtract 4.

a.) 5 a.) 10
b.) 5 x 10 = 50 b.) 10 x 10 = 100
c.) 50 + 8 = 58 OR c.) 100 + 8 = 108
d.) = 29 d.) = 54
e.) 29 – 4 = 25 e.) 54 – 4 + 50

Given procedure produces a number that is Five times the Original Number.
EXAMPLE # 3

Make a conjecture using inductive reasoning.

11 x (1) (101) = 1111 11 x (n) (101)

11 x (2) (101) = 2222 11 x (10) (101) = 11110
11 x (3) (101) = 3333
11 x (4) (101) = 4444 All Digits of the product are the same.
11 x (5) (101) = 5555
11 x (6) (101) = 6666
Sources

https://www.livescience.com/21569-deduction-vs-induction.html

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/inductive-reasoning#0

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/inductive-reasoning#0

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-home/alg-series-and-induction/alg-
deductive-and-inductive-reasoning/v/deductive-reasoning-1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NarWCrwSBKI

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-inductive-reasoning.html

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/deductive-reasoning-examples.html