Antenna Isolation Analysis (UMTS-GSM)

Course Contents

Scenario Classification

Interference Analysis

Interference Test

Antenna Isolation Test

 Co-Existence

 Definition: Co-existence is that UMTS sites and GSM sites

are in the same geographical area, but not co-located.

1000m

Cell radius = 0.333 m

 Disadvantage of Co-Existence

 Antenna may shooting at each other, the victim

cells will reduce a lot on both capacity and
coverage, or even is blocked if the interference is
strong enough.
 Worst case: macro -> micro, dead zone happens
 Co-Siting

 Definition: Co-siting is that both UMTS and GSM sit

es are co-located in the same place.
 For 2G mobile network operator, Co-siting is the mo
st popular way to build UMTS network.

1000m

Cell radius = 0.333 m

 Advantage of Co-Siting

 Operator may reuse the resources of old sites and r

educe the cost for building UMTS network;
 Operator can reuse the GSM drive test (DT), consult
the previous optimization results and take as a refer
ence to UMTS (for example: BCCH signal distributio
n);
 Co-siting can reduce near-far effect, because path l
oss to both UMTS and GSM are always equal and de
ad zone are less likely.
Course Contents

Scenario Classification

Interference Analysis

Interference Test

Antenna Isolation Test

 Frequency Allocation for UMTS

1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 MHz

 3GPP and GSM Specification

 WCDMA Base Station (BS ) － Spurious Emission (SE):

Band Max Level/ Measurement Bandwidth (BW)

30~1000MHz 876~915MHz≤-98dBm/100KHz
921~960MHz≤-57dBm/100KHz

Others ≤-36dBm/100KHz

1000~2100MHz 1710~1785MHz≤-98dBm/100KHz
1805~1880MHz≤-47dBm/100KHz

1893.5~1919.6MHz≤-41dBm/300KHz

1900~1920MHz≤-86dBm/MHz

1920~1980MHz≤-96dBm/100KHz
 WCDMA BS Accepted Noise

BS accepted noise calculation:

 BG_Noise = KTW + NF,

K: Boltzmann constant; T: temperatures in degrees, Kelvin;
W: receiver BW; NF: 3 dB;
KT= -174dBm/Hz, BG_Noise= -105dBm/3.84MHz

 A typical accepted sensitivity degradation level of radio syst

em is less than 0.4 dB. Based on the above BG_Noise value, t
he extra interference signal should be less than -115 dBm/3.8
4MHz.
 3GPP and GSM Specification

 GSM BS － SE:
In GSM 05.05 specification, the limitation for GSM900 and DC
S1800 SE of UMTS band is very low, only ≤ － 30dBm/3MHz

Bands Maxi Level/ Measurement BW

9KHz － 1GHz ≤ － 36dBm/3MHz

1 － 12.75GHz ≤ － 30dBm/3MHz
 GSM BS Accepted Noise

BS allowed noise calculation:

 BG_Noise= KTW + NF
 K: Boltzmann constant, KT= – 174dBm/Hz;
 T: temperature in degrees Kelvin;
 W: receiver BW;
 NF: noise figure of BS, 3 dB;
BG_Noise= – 118dBm/200kHz.
 A typical allowed sensitivity degradation level of radio syste
m: < 0.4 dB. From above BG_Noise value, extra interference si
gnal should be: < – 128 dBm/200kHz.
 Interference Investigation for Co-siting

 For co-siting scenario, the interference situation needs to

be investigated based on the Tx/Rx antenna scenario.

 GSM Tx interferences UMTS Rx

 UMTS Tx interferences GSM Rx
 Interference: GSM to UMTS
 Case of directional antenna
GSM
GSM

UMTS

Isolation distance

Isolation
distance
UMTS

 NodeB accepted noise: < – 115 dBm.

 From GSM05.05, max GSM SE leaked in UMTS band: – 30dBm/3MHz
(– 29dBm/3.84MHz).
 Isolation between GSM Tx and UMTS Rx:
– 29dBm – (– 115dBm) = 86dB.
 Interference: GSM to UMTS

 The average space distance between two antennas:

> 100m (H), and > 4m (H), not practical
Note: H - horizontal

 Actually, RF performance of GSM equipment is vendor’s depend

ent and normally is much better than that from GSM specification
. For example, normally for GSM900 BTS, in order to co-located
with DCS1800, extra attenuation will be achieved in DCS1800 ban
d, close to UMTS band.
Huawei DCS1800 BTS, SE in UMTS band: < – 53dBm/3.84MHz.
This ensures the isolation to be 62dB between GSM Tx and UMT
S Rx.
 Interference: UMTS to GSM

 For GSM, BTS accepted noise is less than -128 dBm.

The max GSM SE leaked in 900 and 1800 band is
- 98dBm/100KHz (- 95dBm/200KHz). Thus the isolatio
n between UMTS Tx and GSM Rx antenna is:
- 95dBm – ( - 128dBm) = 33dB.
 In this scenario, the average space distance between
two antennas is less than 1m for horizontal, and less t
han 0.2m for vertical.
Course Contents

Scenario Classification

Interference Analysis

Interference Test

Antenna Isolation Test

 Interference Test

 The isolation is relatively hard to achieve when two syst

em co-located from theoretical calculation. This result is
too pessimistic.

 In practice, RF performance of BS equipment is vendor’

s dependent and normally is much better than that from
UMTS and GSM specification.

 Interference test helps in evaluating the antenna isolatio

n among different wireless systems.
 GSM Spurious Emission Test

Antenna or
Dummy
Load

WCDMA
GSM WCDMA BPF
GSM and
WCDMA
Diplexer
Spectrum
Analyzer

GSM BTS

Agilent E
4445
 Test Equipments and Accessories

Items Note Amount

Spectrum Analyzer Agilent E4445A （ with LNA 1
option ）
WCDMA BPF LGP145 1
WCDMA/GSM900 LGP135 or Kathrein 782 102 1
Diplexer 50
WCDMA/DCS1800 LGP145 or Kathrein 782 102 1
Diplexer 43
Dummy Load RF power >100W 1
RF Cable 4

Adaptor DIN (male)/N (female) 6

 Test Process

Agilent E4445A Settings:

Frequency band ： 1920 ~1980 MHz
RBW ： 100KHz
VBW ： 300KHz
Average ： On
Average times: 20
LNA Status: On
Steps ：
1) Set up the test system
2) Adjust GSM BTS output power to max value
3) Record the spurious power value using Peak-Search
function
Course Contents

Scenario Classification

Interference Analysis

Interference Test

Antenna Isolation Test

 Test Condition

 Testing under two cases with cross polarization (CXP) antenn

as:
Case 1: UMTS and GSM900 , Case 2: UMTS and DCS1800
 Two 9m 1/2” cables are used in this test and each cable’s loss is regarde
d as 1dB in GSM900 band and 2dB in DCS1800 and UMTS bands. The isol
ation data in this test is processed so that the cable loss is excluded.
 The antenna ports are selected so that Tx and Rx antenna have the same
polarization.
 The antennas are installed 8m above ground and are directed toward the
same direction.

Bands Vendor Type Gain HBW VBW

GSM900 JB 7600 17dBi 60° 9°
DCS1800 JB 5022004 18dBi 60° 5.5°
UMTS MAT 5162100
 Test Configurations

GSM
UMTS Antenna
Antenna

Spectrum
Analyzer

HP8594E
 Test Equipments and Accessories

Items Note Amount

Spectrum Analyzer Agilent E4445A 1
Signal Generator Max output power 1
>10dBm
Frequency band:
900 KHz ~ 2 GHz
CW output
Test Cable 3m 2
Antennas GSM, UMTS 2
Adaptor DIN (male)/N( female) 4
Matching Load N (male) 2
 Test Process

Agilent E4445A settings:

Frequency band ： 1920 – 1980 MHz
RBW ： 100 KHz
VBW ： 300 KHz
Average ： On
Average times: 20 (mS)
Signal generator settings:
Frequency: 1950 MHz
RF power: 10 dBm
Mode: CW
Steps ：
1) Set up the test system according to figure 1
2) Turn on RF power of signal generator
3) Record the power value of E4445A at 1950MHz
 Test Result

 Case 1 ― Antenna Isolation of UMTS and GSM900

890 902.5 915 935 947.5 960 1920 1950 1980 2110 2140 2170
MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz
0.
65d 68d 71d
5 68dB 65dB 70dB 55dB 58dB 62dB 49dB 52dB 62dB
B B B
m
1.
70d 73d 71d
0 72dB 71dB 71dB 57dB 61dB 67dB 62dB 66dB 63dB
B B B
m
1.
72d 70d 69d
5 71dB 72dB 72dB 65dB 66dB 68dB 57dB 58dB 60dB
B B B
m
2.
71d 73d 69d
0 73dB 71dB 73dB 71dB 67dB 70dB 58dB 63dB 63dB
B B B
m
 Test Result

 Case 2 ― Antenna Isolation of UMTS and DCS1800

1710 1747. 1785 1805 1842. 1880 1920 1950 1980 2110 2140 2170M
MHz 5MHz MHz MHz 5MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz Hz

0.
5 63dB 61dB 56dB 62dB 68dB 62dB 51dB 58dB 60dB 66dB 57dB 57dB
m
1.
0 62dB 67dB 66dB 67dB 66dB 62dB 54dB 54dB 68dB 60dB 55dB 58dB
m
1.
5 63dB 66dB 62dB 61dB 60dB 60dB 59dB 59dB 58dB 62dB 66dB 68dB
m
2.
0 70dB 62dB 62dB 67dB 62dB 63dB 60dB 62dB 61dB 66dB 69dB 66dB
m