C16 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design ISSUE1.0

OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor
Distribution System Design

ISSUE 1.0
Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Objectives
 To introduce an general Idea on Design

Process for Indoor Distribution System
 To provide Some typical solutions for

indoor distribution system
 To know how to select equipment type
2
Confidential Information of
Huawei. Security Level: Internal
Outline
 Introduction
 Indoor Coverage Scenarios
 Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
 Equipment Type Selection
 Some Typical Solutions
 List of Materials & Cost Estimation
 Appendix:
 Micro NodeB
 RRU
 Some Examples of DAS Design
3
Why We need indoor Distribution System?
 Coverage Problems
 Outdoor macro cell cannot satisfy indoor coverage
 High penetration loss
 RSCP ( less than -95dBm )
 Jumeira Beach Hotel
 Burj Al Arab Hotel.
 Capacity Problems
 Most of the calls: indoor calls
 Heavy traffic: some special buildings
 Outdoor macro cells cannot meet the indoor capacit
y requirement
 DWTC: GITEX.
4
For example: Burj Al Arab Hotel, 27th floor

outdoor macro cell: SC154
 RSCP > -85dB: 10%

 RSCP > -95dB: 25%
 RSCP > -105dB: 70%
5
For example: Jumeira Beach Hotel, 8th floor

outdoor macro cell: SC152
 RSCP > -85dB: 5%

 RSCP > -95dB: 24%
 RSCP > -105dB: 64%
6
Why we need to provide indoor coverage?
 Better cooperation between 3G and 2G

 Without UMTS indoor coverage, 3G service cannot be used at
indoor environment (VP, high speed data service)
 When mobile reselect from 3G to 2G, location update happens.
This will make a lot of impact on system and network. E.g.
increasing system signaling load. Also, before mobile finish the
location update, this mobile cannot be the MT. Call failed will
happen fluently.
 The inter-system measurement and handover will always take
more time than intra-system handover and reselection. If the
signal fading fast, it will not have enough time to perform
handover or reselection, and call drop or no service will happen.
7
Why we need to provide indoor coverage?
 Indoor coverage can be divided into two part:
 Normal: to use the outdoor macro cells to provide 1st wall indoor
coverage of the network
 Dedicated: to use the dedicated indoor solutions to provide the
deep indoor coverage of the network.
(e.g. important building, basement, elevator, etc.)
 In the course, we will focus on dedicated indoor
solution and DAS sharing analysis between 3G
and 2G.
Micro Node
B
splitter
antenna
8
Difference between UMTS and GSM
 For GSM:
 Less frequency resource is
occupied;
 Less sensitive for the overlap
between cells;
 For UMTS:
 Without dedicated carrier for
indoor, sometimes difficult to
control the interference;
 Difficult to control the overlap
between cells and specific
solutions has to be thought of.
9
Outline
 Introduction
 Appendix:
 Micro NodeB
 RRU
10
Different Indoor Scenarios - Villa & Apartment
 Villas
 Propagation Characteristics
 Small area each floor
 The building is very low
 Wall penetration loss ， Typical 10dB
 Standalone
 Apartment
 Propagation Characteristics
 Square each floor < 1000m2
 Building height < 30m
Penetration loss in one floor, Typical 5-20d
B
11
Different Indoor Scenarios - Open hall
 Airport terminal
 (1)Propagation Characteristics
Large area each floor > 2000m2
Building floor less than 5
In floor penetration loss is low
 (2)Features of traffic distribution
Large data traffic throughput
 Shopping Mall
 (1)Propagation Characteristics
Square each floor > 1000m2
Building height < 30m
Penetration loss in one floor, Typical
5-20dB
 (2)Features of traffic distribution 12
Huawei.
 Mainly
Security Level: Internal voice , including VP
Different Indoor Scenarios - Multi floor building
 Office building
 (1) Propagation Characteristics
 Large area each floor > 1000m2
 Building floor> 15, or height > 50m
 In floor penetration loss, Typical 5-20dB
 (2) Features of traffic distribution
 Mainly voice , including VP
 Hotel
 (1) Propagation Characteristics
 Square each floor > 500m2
 Building floor> 15, or height > 50m
 Penetration loss in one floor, , Typical 5-20dB
 (2) Features of traffic distribution
 Large data traffic throughput 13
Different Indoor Scenarios - Event triggered large area
 Conference centre,
 Exhibition hall,
 Football stadiums etc.
 (1) Propagation Characteristics
 Large area each floor > 2000m2
 Building floor : very few, usually only one
 In floor penetration loss is low
 (2) Features of traffic distribution
 Traffic density is event triggered
 In usual time , the traffic density is very low
If important event happens , the traffic densit

y may rise sharply to above 1000 erl/km2
 it is necessary to reserve enough capacity
14
Different Indoor Scenarios - Basement car park
 Basement car park
 (1) Propagation Characteristics

 Large area each floor
 Completely closes area for each floor
 In floor penetration loss, Typical 5-20dB
 (2) Features of traffic distribution

 Usually very low traffic density
 Mainly voice
Generally, this kind of area is covered by re

peater, however, micro NodeB or RRU can al
so be used.
Indoor distributed antenna system is not ne

cessary.
15
Examples: different solutions
Outdoor Macro NodeB DAS:

Distributed
Antenna
Micro NodeB
System
Indoor
Antenna
Micro BTS
E1/STM-1 cascade
Indoor DAS is
available
Nearby macro NodeB + RRU Indoor DAS
not available;
covered by
Macro NodeB+RRU antennas

directly
f0
RRU: f1 BTS 3812
Remote
Radio covered by
Unit RRU
Softer H/O
area
RRU
Digital signal transmitted by 16

optical , NO receive
sensibility and power LOSS
Outline
 Introduction
 Appendix:
 Micro NodeB
 RRU
17
Design Process for Indoor Distribution
System
 Design Preparation
 Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning
 Interference & Performance analysis
 Indoor Distribution System Solution
 Indoor Verification Test
18
Design Preparation: Step 1
 Step 1: Coverage Target Analysis

 Coverage Range
 Rough Coverage Range
 Coverage Requirement of the network

 Area coverage probability requirement
 Capacity Requirement of the network

 How many subscribers
 Cell load
 Investment Scale of the Project
19
 Step 2: Survey on the outdoor cell Coverage

 Outdoor cells may interference the indoor distribution system
 Pilot pollution may occur
 More serious interference in higher stories
 necessary to carry out indoor signal test
 signal strength and distributions in the building
 Stories Selection for Test: Suggestion

 1~2 stories for the lower part of the building
 1~2 stories for the middle part of the building
 1~2 stories for the upper part of the building
 Drive Test Tools

 e.g. Agilent 6474A device
20
 Step 3: Preparation of Building Drawings

 Obtain Building Drawings
 Coverage Target Storey
 Plan Drawing
 Elevation Drawing
 Strong and Weak Electric Wells
 Existing Transmission in the building
21
 Step 4: Indoor Survey of the Building

 Collect enough information for indoor distribution system
 Determine the exact coverage range
 Identify Coverage Requirement for different storey
 Take enough digital Photographs
 Indoor details and Building Profile
 Identify building materials, thickness of floor / ceiling / wall

 Estimate the penetration loss
 check Obtainable transmission, power supply, cable resource,

and requirements from building management
 Check if GSM/CDMA indoor distribution system already exists
 WCDMA will probably share the same indoor distribution system
22
 Step 5: Indoor CW Test

 Obtain indoor propagation characteristics
 Correct indoor propagation model (if possible)
 Estimate the penetration loss
 Inner partition walls
 Floors and ceilings
23
System
24
Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (1)
 Indoor Propagation Model: Keenan-Motley model
 PL(d0) is free space loss at the d0 distance;

PL  d 0   32.45[dB]  20  lg  d 0[km]  f [MHz]
 d is the distance between transmitter and receiver;
 d0 is the reference distance; (normally d0 is 1m);
 n is the average path loss attenuation exponents;
 Kfi stands for the number of the floors of type i;
 Kwj stands for the number of the walls of type j;
 Lfi stands for the penetration loss of the floor of type i;
 Lwj stands for the penetration loss of wall of type i;
 a : linear penetration loss factor. typical value 0.2dB/m
 d1: breakpoint. Typical value is 65m.
25
 Indoor Propagation Path Loss

 f=2000MHz, d=1m
 Path loss = 38 dB
 f=2000MHz, d=30m
 f=2000MHz, d=60m
 Path loss =88 dB
 f=2000MHz, d=80m
Note: assume path loss attenuation exponent is 2.8
26
3G Shares GSM DAS: GSM1800 BCCH
Uplink CS12.2 CS64 PS64 PS128 PS144 PS384
Max Power of UE 21 21 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00
Atenna Gain of UE 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NF of NodeB Rx 2.2 2.2 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20
bit rate of service 12.2 64 64 128 144 384
EbvsNo in UL 5.4 2.7 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.6
Sensitivity in UL -125.54 -121.04 -121.34 -118.83 -118.32 -114.36
UL loading 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%
noise rise 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01
SHO Gain 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
fast fading margin 2.31 3.14 3.14 3.38 3.38 3.65
max CL in UL 142.72 137.39 137.69 134.94 134.43 130.20
PL_CL - PL_DL 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
max CL in DL 144.09 138.76 139.06 136.31 135.80 131.57
GSM1800 BCCH TxPwr 43 43 43 43 43 43
Combiner/Diplexer Loss 1 1 1 1 1 1
Frequency Correction Loss (feeder) 2 2 2 2 2 2
Outdoor Interference Margin 10 10 10 10 10 10
Min. Required RxLev Threshold -88.09 -82.76 -83.06 -80.31 -79.80 -75.57
27
 Capacity Dimensioning
 Choose appropriate signal resource
 Macro NodeB
 Micro NodeB
 RRU
 Different power and base band resource
 The basic capacity formula
 refer to dimensioning training material
 Indoor cells can support more users than ou
tdoor macro
 Interference from other cell: smaller
 Non-orthogonal factor: smaller
28
Importance of CW test
 Make sure that indoor propagation model is only a reference for
indoor coverage design. To perform a CW test in the building is
always recommended.
CW DT
Results
antenna
CW
transmitter
29
Near far effect
 Near far effect is a very important issue that we

have to consider carefully, especially when we use
some high gain antenna to provide a big coverage
at indoor environment.
 The problem of this is that the users at cell edge

may be blocked by the users close to the antenna.
 The typical scenario of this will happen at:

The coupling loss difference between two users is more than
50 dB.
30
Summary: coverage and capacity
 The coverage analysis results will decide the DAS

(Distributed Antenna System) structure.
 The capacity analysis will decide which signal reso

urce will be used, macro-NodeB, micro-NodeB, R
RU, repeater, etc.
 Different equipment will have different power and base band res
ource. Which to use depend on the capacity analysis.
 The basic capacity formula is as usual. For more details, please
refer to dimensioning training material
 In indoor environment, the non-orthogonal factor and other cell i
nterference will reduce a lot comparing with outdoor macro. Nor
mally indoor cells will absorb more users than outdoor macro.
31
System
32
Interference Analysis: intra-system
 Analysis:
 Intra-frequency Interference
 There is interference between outdoor and indoor intra-
frequency cells.
 There is interference between indoor intra-frequency cells.
 Solutions:
 For floors under the coverage of different cells, install  On the contrary, for floors under the coverage of one cell,
the DAS antennas in one vertical plane to avoid intra- install the DAS antennas at different positions to make the
frequency interference between the floors. signal strength even on the floors. 33
Interference Analysis: intra-system
 Solutions:
 Enhancing indoor signal strength
near window areas
 The indoor signal strength
should be 6dB higher or more
than the outdoor best cell
signal.
 However, indoor signal leakage
shall be minimized.
 e.g. In the soft handover area on 1F,
the indoor signal is 6dB lower than
the outdoor best cell signal beyond
certain range such as beyond 5 m
from the external wall. In none
handover area the indoor signal is
6dB lower than the outdoor best cell
34
signal beyond certain range such as
Security Level: Internal
beyond 3 m from the external wall.
Huawei.
Interference Analysis: inter-system
 The inter-system interference can be

classified into:
 Spurious emission of a system falling in the receive band
of other systems
 Inter-modulation products of TX signals falling in the
receive band of other systems
 TX signals and spurious emission of a system blocking
other receivers
 Spurious interference is a focus for DAS

shared by WCDMA, GSM900 and WLAN.
35
Interference Analysis: inter-system
 Solutions:
 Multi-band Diplexer is applied in DAS shared by WCDMA,
DCS1800 and GSM900 to suppress the inter-system interfer
ence. If the isolation of the diplexer is not enough, add a filte
r to the corresponding interfering base station.
 Normally, the acceptable spurious received by receiver i
s recommend to be 10 dB below noise floor. It means 0.
4dB noise rise.
 Generally speaking, the rejection in other system RX ba
nd can be 50dB for the diplexer. The accurate rejection
depends on the spurious of the base station.
 MSs’ interference in base stations and interference between
MSs can be omitted if the antenna positions are designed pr
operly.
36
Performance Analysis- Handover
Solution to problems of handover between cells
 Scenario
 Entrance of building
 Lower floors
 Suggestion 1:
 Intra-frequency coverage
 Subscribers perform soft
handover when passing
through the entrance of the
building. The handover
success ratio is high.
 Outdoor cell and indoor cell
should be configured as
neighboring cells.
 Recommended when traffic is Outdoor cell and indoor cell
light in initial phase to ensure are neighboring cells.
the service quality . 37
 Scenario
 Entrance of building
 Lower floors
 Suggestion2
 Inter-frequency coverage
 There is no interference
between outdoor and indoor
cells
 Subscribers perform hard
handover when passing
through the entrance . The
handover success ratio is
relatively low.
 Outdoor cell and indoor cell
should be configured as Outdoor cell and indoor cell should
neighboring cells. be configured as neighboring cells
38
 Recommended when traffic
Huawei. becomes heavy.
 Scenario CELL2 range

 lift
Cell
CELL2 range
 Suggestion1 1
 A single cell covering lift well
range
CELL2 range
 The lift and 1F are under the
coverage of the same cell.
CELL1 range
 Out-lift/in-lift handover is not
required on 1F. CELL1 range
 Recommended in most of lift CELL1 range
deployment
CELL1 signal CELL2 signal
39
 Scenario
 Lift
 Suggestion2
 Combining signals of
multiple cells
 The lift well is a soft
handover area.
 Success ratio of out-lift/in-
lift on all floors is high.
 Higher cost
 Recommended in lower
building where high quality
of QOS is demanded
 Not recommended when
there are relatively many 40
cells inofthe building
Confidential Information
Huawei.
 Scenario
 Area near window in higher
floor
 Suggestion 1
 Intra-frequency coverage
near window
 Configure the cell on higher
floors and the outdoor cell as
neighboring cells to avoid call
drop near windows.
 Enhance the signal level near
windows on higher floors to
decrease soft handover
events.
 Recommended when traffic is
light in initial phase to ensure 41
Huawei. the service quality . Security Level: Internal
 Scenario
 Area near window on higher
floors
 Suggestion 2
 Inter-frequency
coverage near window
 No special consideration is
required for the little
interference between outdoor
and indoor cells.
 Do not configure the indoor
cell on higher floors and the
outdoor cell as neighboring
cells when the higher and
lower floors are under the
coverage of difference cells.
42
 Recommended when traffic
Huawei. becomes heavy.
System
43
Indoor Distribution System Solution (1)
 Antenna layout diagram for each floor

 Determine Antenna Quantity
 Determine Antenna Installation Location
44
 Estimate Transmit Power from each Antenna

 Example
 Passive Distribution System
 BTS Output Power: 5W
 7/8” Cables
 1/2 Power Splitter
 Ceil-mounted Omni Antenna
 Each Floor: two Antennas
45
 Estimate transmit power from each antenna
46
 Detailed Network Topology Diagram
47
 Detailed Cabling Diagram

 Vertical View and Plan Layout
 Indicate Feeder Cable Length
 Splitters Location
 Couplers Location
48
System
49
Indoor Verification Test
 To Guarantee the indoor signal quality

 Install antennas in the right positions
 Make sure each antenna transmits continuous
waves as the expected power level
 Choose enough test points and make signal power
level test
 Make indoor drive test if possible
 Analyze the test data and check if the design meets
the coverage requirements
 If not, take measures to improve the design
50
Outline
 Introduction
 Appendix:
 Micro NodeB
 RRU
51
Equipment Type Selection
 Equipments Type
 Signal Source Equipment Type
 Feeder Cable Type
 Indoor Antenna Type
 Splitter Type
 Coupler Type
52
Equipment Type Selection: Signal Source
 Signal Source Equipment Type

 macro NodeB
 micro NodeB
 RRU
53
Equipment Type Selection: Feeder Cable
 Feeder Cable Type

 Feeder Cable Loss
 7/8” cable feeder: 6.1dB/100m
 1/2” cable feeder: 10.7dB/100m
 Construction Feasibility
 Minimum curvature radius requirement
 25.4cm for 7/8” cable feeder
 12.7cm for 1/2” cable feeder
 Burning Point Requirement
54
Equipment Type Selection: Indoor Antenna (1)
 Some restrictions for indoor antenna

 Short distance coverage
 Transmit power restriction
 Installation space restriction
 Vision pollution restriction
55
Equipment Type Selection: Indoor antenna (2)
 Indoor Antenna Types

 Omni antenna
 Ceiling-mounted omni antenna
 Bar-type omni antenna
 Directional Antenna
56
Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna
(1)
 Basic Requirement for Omni Antenna
 Spectrum Range: 800M~2500MHz
 Gain: 2dBi
 Horizontal beam width: 360
 Vertical beam width: 90
 Polarization: vertical polarization
 VSWR: less than 1.5
 Down tilt: no
57
Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna
(2)
 Some Existing Omni Antenna Types
 KATHREIN
 Type: 80010137
 Frequency Range: 876-960/1710-2500MHz
 Gain: 2 dBi
 DECIBEL
 Type: DB784SM5N-SY Db Diamond
 Frequency Range: 806-2200MHz
 Gain: 2.1 dBi
58
Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (1)
 Basic Requirements for Directional Antenna

 Spectrum Range: 800M~2200MHz
 Gain: 7 dBi
 Horizontal beam width: 90
 Vertical beam width: 60
 Front-to-back ratio: > 20 dB
 VSWR: < 1.5
59
 Some Existing Directional Antenna Types

 KATHREIN
60
 Some Existing Directional Antenna Types

 ANDREW
61
 High Gain Directional Antenna Types

 KATHREIN
62
Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (1)
 Splitter Type
 Performance parameters
 Bandwidth Requirements
 Isolation Requirements
 1/2 splitter
 1/3 splitter
 1/4 splitter
63
Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (2)
 KATHREIN Splitter
TYPE K737303 K737305 K737307

Output Ports 2 3 4
Attenuation 3 dB 4.8 dB 6 dB
Insertion loss <0.05dB <0.05dB <0.05dB
Inter-modulation <-150dBC <-150dBC <-150dBC
Freq. Range 800-2200MHz 800-2200MHz 800-2200MHz
VSWR <1.5 <1.5 <1.5
64
Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (1)
 Coupler Type
 Performance parameters
 Bandwidth Requirements
 Isolation Requirements
 7 dB coupler
 10 dB coupler
 15 dB coupler
65
Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (2)
 KATHREIN Coupler
TYPE K63236061 K63236101 K63236151

Attenuation 7 / 1.0dB 10.4 / 0.4 dB 15.1 / 0.1dB
Insertion loss <0.05dB <0.05dB <0.05dB
inter-modulation <-150dBC <-150dBC <-150dBC
Freq. Range 800-2200MHz 800-2200MHz 800-2200MHz
VSWR <1.5 <1.5 <1.5
66
Equipment Type Selection
Comparison between splitter & coupler
 Splitter
 Equal Power Distribution
 Coupler
 Non-equal Power Distribution
 Splitter
 Better for antennas in the same floor
 Coupler
 Better for antennas in different floors
67
Outline
 Introduction
 Appendix:
 Micro NodeB
 RRU
68
Some Typical Solutions (1)
Signal source: micro NodeB
DAS:
Distributed
Antenna
System
Indoor
Antenna
Micro BTS
E1/STM-1 cascade
69
Signal source: nearby macro NodeB + RRU
f0
RRU: f1 BTS 3812
Remote
Radio
Unit
Softer H/O
area
Digital signal transmitted by

optical , NO receive
sensibility and power LOSS
70
Signal source: macro NodeB + RRU
Indoor DAS is
available
Indoor DAS
not available;
covered by
antennas
directly
covered by
RRU
RRU
71
Outline
 Introduction
 Appendix:
 Micro NodeB
 RRU
72
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
73
Outline
 Introduction
 Appendix:
 Micro NodeB
 RRU
74
Micro NodeB (1)
 Scenarios for micro NodeB

 Indoor Coverage
 Medium/Low Traffic Areas
 Blind Spots
75
Micro NodeB (2)
 Parameters for micro NodeB

 Support maximum 2 cells
 Transmission: E1 or STM-1
 Power supply: AC
 Capacity: 64 CE
 Transmit power: 2*10W / 2*20W
 Weight: < 55kg
 Dimension: 460*350*700 (cm)
76
RRU (1)
2TRX 2TRX
1TRX 1TRX 1TRX 1TRX
1TRX 2TRX 1TRX
 maximum 4 cells can be cascaded

 Maximum 100 km for 3 or 4 cascades
 Maximum 12 cells
 Maximum 2 cells per RRU
77
RRU (2)
 Parameters for RRU

 Support maximum 2 cells
 Transmission: Optical Fiber
 Power supply: AC
 Capacity: 256 CE
 Transmit power: 2*10W / 2*20W
 Weight: < 50kg
 Dimension: 460*350*700 (cm)
 Cascade: max 4 cells, max distance 100km
78
Comparison: RRU and micro NodeB
 Handover
 RRU: Softer HO between RRU and host NodeB
 micro NodeB: Soft HO between micro NodeBs
 Capacity
 One RRU: maximum 256 CE
 One micro NodeB: maximum 64 CE
 Transmission
 RRU: Optical Fibers
 Micro NodeB: E1 or STM-1
 O&M
 RRU: from host macro NodeB
79
Application of WCDMA indoor coverage solution
Trial DAS in Jinmao Tower (Dec.2002)
To verify the performance of WCDM

A DAS, Huawei deploys a trial networ
k on 9F through 14F in Jinmao Tower
and plans soft and softer handover ar
eas.
Jimao Tower is a skyscraper of 88 fl
oors.
Omni antennas, directional antennas
and leakage cables are adopted to sa
tisfy the special DAS requirements in
Jinmao Tower. (Leakage cables are u
sually used in special closed scenario
s).
80
Trial DAS in Jinmao Tower(Dec.2002)
Functional diagram of indoor network in Shanghai Jinmao Tower (1/2" 35m) 5dB
ant1(办公区)
(1/2" 7m) ant2(1407)

14F
(1/2" 60m) 8.4dB
1dB
走线井
4dB (1/2" 7m)
(1/2" 60m) 二 1dB
功 (1/2" 25m)3.5dB
ant1(办公区)
8.4dB 分
器
ant2(1307)
13F
(1/2" 60m) 8.4dB
NODB1
4dB 二功分器
走线井
(1/2" 7m)
1dB
(1/2" 40m) 5.6dB
NODB2
(1/2" 50m) 7dB ant1(办公区)
12F
(1/2" 50m) 7dB
ant2(1207)
走线井
4dB
(1/2" 30m)4.2dB
(1/2" 15m) 二功 ant1(办公区)
2.1dB 分器
(1/2" 50m)7dB
ant2(1107)
11F
走线井
(1/2" 7m)
1dB
(1/2" 40m)
5.6dB
NODB3 (1/2" 30m)4.2dB
(1/2" 5m) 二功
分器
(1/2" 5m)
0.7dB
二功
分器
ant2(1007)
10F
0.7dB ant1(办公区)
(1/2" 50m)7dB
4dB 4dB
走线井
RLKU158-50J: 13/8"
(1/2" 50m)
Longitudinal Loss: 5.7dB/100m
7dB
Coupling Loss 95%: 68dB
RLKU158-50J (55m)
二功
分器 RLKU158-50J (65m)
9F
4dB
走线井 81
六小区（有泄漏电缆）
 Cabling diagram on one floo

r of Shanghai Jinmao Tower
82

•Distribution of pilot signals
•Percentage of points with good pilot co

verage is 98.14%.
•Scrambling code : 0 and 128
83
Application of WCDMA and GSM DAS
CMCC DAS of WCDMA/GSM in Dongguan Mobile mansion(Apr.2003)

 Existing DAS:
 Signal source: GSM Micro
BTS
 DAS: passive
 Applies two antennas on each
of:
- 3F and 4F of building A
- 1F through 4F of building B
 Applies one antenna at the lift
entrance:
- On 1F and 2F of building
A
- In building B
 Applies one antenna for each
lift
84
 Add BTS3802C
 Only three wall-
mounted antennas
need be changed to
support 2GHz bands.
85
 Modification Way
 Using diplexer to combine GSM and WCDMA signals after the
hybrid combiner
Hyb rid Com biner
 Components replaced: antenna BTS 1
BTS 2
Components added: splitter, diplexer

GSM900/WCDMA
 Nod eB
Splitter
Diplexer
 Positions and mount of antenna unchanged
BTS 1
BTS 2
Hybrid Combiner
The existing GSM DAS Modified DAS
86
Specifications of components replaced
Specifications of diplexer Specifications of splitter
Frequency band band1 800~1000MHz 800~2200MHz
Frequency band
band2 1700~2170MHz Insertion loss 0.05dB
Insertion loss Port1-port3 0.16dB VSWR <1.15
Connector type DIN(7-16)
Port2-port3 0.26dB(1700~2000MHz)
Impedance 50 ohm
0.4dB(2000~2170MHz)
PIM <-150dBc
Isolation Port1-port2 >43dB(900~1000MHz)

Size 294*82*82mm
>50dB(2000~2170MHz)
Weight 1.5kg
band1 <250W
Power handling
band2 <150W
Signal source: BTS3802C
Impedance 50 ohm
DIN （ 7-16 ）
Connector type
VSWR <1.3
Size 126*274*107mm
Weight 3.3kg
-55~60℃ 87
Temperature
88
WCDMA signal distribution before WCDMA signal distribution after redeployment(3F)

redeployment (3F)  Percentage of points with good pilot coverage is 98.37%.
 Percentage of points with good pilot

coverage is only 6.01%.
89
 Comparison between GSM coverage performances before and after WCDMA deployment
Level （ dBm ） Level （ dBm ）

Test point Quality Voice quality Call dropping
before WCDMA deployment after WCDMA deployment
Fire staircase on 4F -77 -81 0 Legible None
Lift entrance on 4F -40 -42 0 Legible None
Meeting room on 4F -52 -51 0 Legible None
Manager room on 4F -49 -53 0 Legible None
Right fire staircase on 3F -65 -72 0 Legible None
Hall on 3F -53 -53 0 Legible None
Meeting room on entresol -62 -62 0 Legible None
After the WCDMA deployment

–GSM system keeps working normally.
–GSM system keeps its wide coverage.
–Voice services are good.
90
Application of WCDMA ,GSM and WLAN DAS
CMCC DAS application of WCDMA,GSM and WLAN in Dongguan
Huihuang mansion
 existing DAS:
 Signal source: GSM Micro
BTS
 Covers the underground
park, 1F, half of 3F, and 4F
through 7F
 Applies one antenna for
each lift
91
CMCC DAS application of WCDMA,GSM and WLAN in Dongguan Huihuang
mansion(Oct.2003)
 Functional diagram of existing GSM DAS in Huihuang mansion
92
mansion(Oct.2003)
 Functional diagram of DAS shared by GSM, WCDMA and WLAN in Huihuang mansion
93
mansion(Oct.2003)
 Using dual band diplexer to combine GSM and WCDMA signals

 Using GSM-WCDMA/WLAN diplexer to combine WLAN signal with GSM and WCDMA signals
 Components replaced: splitter, antenna
 Components added: diplexer, splitter, coupler
94
mansion(Oct.2003)
 List of replaced components
Number of components Number of components

Component Old type number New type number replaced in GSM/WCDMA replaced in
DAS GSM/WCDMA/WLAN DAS
Ceiling antenna IXD-360/V03-NW-A IXD-360/V03-NN 0 44
Ceiling antenna IXD-120/V06-NB IXD-360/V03-NN 1 1
Wall-mounted
IWH-085/V09-NG ODP-090/V11-NW 8 8
antenna
Wall-mounted
IWH-090/V08-ND ODP-090/V11-NW 5 5
antenna
2-way splitter RD-52N/NP-F1 RD-52N/NP-F2 0 19
Coupler RC-5NK/NK/NK-06F1 RC-5NK -06F 0 5
Coupler RC-5NK/NK/NK-10F1 RC-5NK -10F 0 1
95
mansion(Oct.2003)
 Lower costs for changing GSM DAS to GSM/WCDMA DAS

 14 components replaced, 15% of the total components
 16% of the total costs
 Higher costs for changing GSM DAS to GSM/WCDMA/WLAN DAS
 96 components replaced
 68% of the total costs
 Installation costs are 10-20% of the total component costs.
96
mansion(Oct.2003)
the WCDMA signal distribution befo The WCDMA signal distribut

re redeployment ion after redeployment
97
mansion(Oct.2003)
the uplink BLER distribution of CS12.2K the downlink BLER distribution of CS12.2K
As is shown, above 99% areas satisfy the service quality demand
98
mansion(Oct.2003)
 Handover test result in the hall of WCDMA system
Service type Handover type Total Handover times Successful handover times Failing handover times Successful handover ratio
CS12. 2 k Soft handover 587 587 0 100%
Inter-frequency 108 108 0 100%

handover
CS64K VP Soft handover 643 643 0 100%
PS64K Soft handover 304 304 0 100%
Inter-frequency 129 125 4 96.90%

handover
PS144K Intra-frequency hard 135 127 8 94.07%

handover
99
mansion(Oct.2003)
Out-lift/in-lift handover test result of WCDMA system
Service type Handover Number of Number of Number of Handover

type handover successful failed success
events handover handover ratio
events events
CS12. 2 k Softer 423 419 4 99.05%

handover
CS64K VP Softer 280 275 5 98.21%

handover
PS64K Softer 226 226 0 100%

handover
As is shown, the success ratio of out-lift/in-lift softer handover
is above 98%
100
101

C16 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design ISSUE1.0

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C16 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design ISSUE1.0

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OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor

Distribution System Design

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

 To introduce an general Idea on Design

 To provide Some typical solutions for

 To know how to select equipment type

For example: Burj Al Arab Hotel, 27th floor

 RSCP > -85dB: 10%

For example: Jumeira Beach Hotel, 8th floor

 RSCP > -85dB: 5%

 Better cooperation between 3G and 2G

If important event happens , the traffic densit

 Basement car park

 (1) Propagation Characteristics

 Completely closes area for each floor

 In floor penetration loss, Typical 5-20dB

 (2) Features of traffic distribution

Generally, this kind of area is covered by re

Indoor distributed antenna system is not ne

Outdoor Macro NodeB DAS:

Macro NodeB+RRU antennas

Digital signal transmitted by 16

 Step 1: Coverage Target Analysis

 Coverage Requirement of the network

 Capacity Requirement of the network

 Investment Scale of the Project

 Step 2: Survey on the outdoor cell Coverage

 Stories Selection for Test: Suggestion

 Drive Test Tools

 Step 3: Preparation of Building Drawings

 Existing Transmission in the building

 Step 4: Indoor Survey of the Building

 Identify building materials, thickness of floor / ceiling / wall

 check Obtainable transmission, power supply, cable resource,

 Step 5: Indoor CW Test

 PL(d0) is free space loss at the d0 distance;

 Indoor Propagation Path Loss

Note: assume path loss attenuation exponent is 2.8

Max Power of UE 21 21 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00

Atenna Gain of UE 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NF of NodeB Rx 2.2 2.2 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20

bit rate of service 12.2 64 64 128 144 384

EbvsNo in UL 5.4 2.7 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.6

Sensitivity in UL -125.54 -121.04 -121.34 -118.83 -118.32 -114.36

UL loading 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%

noise rise 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01

SHO Gain 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50

fast fading margin 2.31 3.14 3.14 3.38 3.38 3.65

max CL in UL 142.72 137.39 137.69 134.94 134.43 130.20

PL_CL - PL_DL 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37

max CL in DL 144.09 138.76 139.06 136.31 135.80 131.57

GSM1800 BCCH TxPwr 43 43 43 43 43 43

Frequency Correction Loss (feeder) 2 2 2 2 2 2

Outdoor Interference Margin 10 10 10 10 10 10

 Near far effect is a very important issue that we

 The problem of this is that the users at cell edge

 The typical scenario of this will happen at:

 The coverage analysis results will decide the DAS

 The capacity analysis will decide which signal reso

 The inter-system interference can be

 Spurious interference is a focus for DAS

 Scenario CELL2 range

 Recommended in most of lift CELL1 range