VARIANCE

GROUPED DATA
&
UNGROUPED DATA
JULIET C. CLEMENTE
DISCUSSANT
What is Variance?
Variance (σ2) in statistics is a
measurement of the spread between
numbers in a data set. That is, it
measures how far each number in the
set is from the mean and therefore
from every other number in the set.
 In probability theory and statistics, the variance
formula measures how far a set of numbers are
spread out. It is a numerical value and is used
to indicate how widely individuals in a group
vary. If individual observations vary
considerably from the group mean, the variance
is big and vice versa.
 A variance of zero indicates that all the
values are identical. It should be noted that
variance is always non-negative- a small
variance indicates that the data points tend
to be very close to the mean and hence to
each other while a high variance indicates
that the data points are very spread out
around the mean and from each other.
Variance Formulas
Variance can be of either grouped or
ungrouped data. To recall, a variance can of
two types which are:
 Variance of a population
 Variance of a sample
The variance of a population is denoted by
σ2 and the variance of a sample by s2.
Variance Formulas for Ungrouped Data
Formula For Population Variance

The variance of a population for ungrouped

data is defined by the following formula:

σ  = ∑ (x − x̅)  / n
2 2
Formula for Sample Variance
The variance of a sample for ungrouped data is
defined by a slightly different formula:
 s  = ∑ (x − x̅)  / n − 1
2 2

Where,
σ  = Variance
2

x = Item given in the data

x̅ = Mean of the data
n = Total number of items
s  = Sample variance
2
Variance Formulas for Grouped Data
Formula for Population Variance
The variance of a population for grouped
data is:
σ2 = ∑ f (m − x̅)2 / n
Formula for Sample Variance
The variance of a sample for
grouped data is:
s2 = ∑ f (m − x̅)2 / n − 1
Where,
f = frequency of the class
m = midpoint of the class
 For Ungrouped
Variance Type For Grouped Data
Data
Population Variance σ  = ∑ (x − x̅)  / n
2 2
σ  = ∑ f (m − x̅)  / n
2 2

Formula

Sample Variance s  = ∑ (x − x̅)  / n − 1

2 2
s  = ∑ f (m − x̅)  / n − 1
2 2

Formula
(Sample Variance for Ungrouped Data)
Question: 
Find the variance for the following set of data representing trees
heights in feet: 3, 21, 98, 203, 17, 9
Solution:
Step 1: Add up the numbers in your given data set.
3 + 21 + 98 + 203 + 17 + 9 = 351
Step 2: Square your answer:
351 × 351 = 123201
…and divide by the number of items. We have 6 items in our
example so:
123201/6 = 20533.5
Step 3: Take your set of original numbers from Step 1,
and square them individually this time:
3 × 3 + 21 × 21 + 98 × 98 + 203 × 203 + 17 × 17 + 9 × 9
Add the squares together:
9 + 441 + 9604 + 41209 + 289 + 81 = 51,633

Step 4: Subtract the amount in Step 2 from the amount

in Step 3.
51633 – 20533.5 = 31,099.5
Set this number aside for a moment.
Step 5: Subtract 1 from the number of items in
your data set. For our example:
6–1=5
Step 6: Divide the number in Step 4 by the
number in Step 5. This gives you the variance:
31099.5/5 = 6219.9
Step 7: Take the square root of your answer
from Step 6. This gives you the standard
deviation:
√6219.9 = 78.86634
The answer is 78.86.
Population Variance for Ungrouped Data
a. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 = 150/5 x = 30
b. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 = 150/5 x = 30
X X-x (X – x)² ∑(X – x)² ∑(X – x)²
N
28 -2 4 10 10/5 = 2
29 -1 1
30 0 0
31 1 1
32 2 4 O² = 2
Population Variance for Ungrouped Data
a. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 = 150/5 x = 30
b. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 = 150/5 x = 30
X X-x (X – x)² ∑(X – x)² ∑(X – x)²
N
10 20 400 1000 1000/5 = 200
20 10 100
30 0 0
40 10 100
50 20 400 O² = 200
Sample Variance for Grouped Data
Compute the variance of the test scores. ∑f(X-x)²

∑f-1
Scores Frequency Class fX x X- x (X-x)² f(X-x)²
(x) (f) Mark (X)

22-24 5 23 115 17 6 36 180

19-21 6 20 120 17 3 9 54

16-18 7 17 119 17 0 0 0

13-15 8 14 112 17 -3 9 72

10-12 4 11 44 17 -6 36 144
∑f = 30 ∑fX= 510 ∑f(X-x)² = 450/29
∑f – 1 = 30-1= 29 mean x = 510/30= 17 ∑f-1 S²= 15.52
 Thank You
for Listening 