Help! Emergency!

Minutes could
make a difference

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First Aid Basics
 WHAT IS FIRST AID?

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 FIRST AID
• The care given
immediately to an
injured or ill person.

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 FIRST AIDER
• A trained personnel
who provides first
aid.

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 Prequiz:
True or False?
After an accident, immediately move the
victim to a comfortable position.
If a person is bleeding, use a tourniquet.
Signs of a heart attack include shortness
of breath, anxiety, and perspiration.
All burns can be treated with first aid
alone; no emergency medical attention
is necessary.

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD FIRST AIDER

3.5.2.
RS1.
–O
- ESOURCEFUL
4.G-TBSERVANT
YMPATHETIC
-- ENTLE
ACTFUL

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 IS HE A GOOD AIDER?
1. Student A is very relaxed in controlling the
bleeding on her classmate’s finger.
2. Student B is insisting that her unconscious
sister to drink water.
3. Student C immediately brings her friend
who fell down the stairs to the clinic.
4. Student D makes use of his clean
handkerchief to tie his best friend’s
bleeding arm.
5. Student E speaks comforting words to her
cousin who sprained his ankle while
playing basketball.
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 PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
1. Loosen any tight clothing
2. Stay calm
3. Reassure and comfort the victim.
4. Move an injured person unless you need to
place him or her in the recovery position.
5. Check for a medical bracelet indicating a
condition.
6. Give food and drink to an unconscious
person.
7. Keep the victim covered to reduce shock.

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 DO’S IN GIVING FIRST AID DON’TS IN GIVING FIRST AID

Stay calm. Give food and drink to an

unconscious person.
Reassure and comfort the Move an injured person
victim. unless you need to place
him or her in the recovery
position.
Check for a medical
bracelet indicating a
condition.
Loosen any tight clothing
Keep the victim covered to
reduce shock.

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 FIRST AID
GUIDELINES
AND
PROCEDURES
 PRIMARY SURVEY
• A quick and systematic
survey of the person to
establish any conditions
or injuries sustained as
life threatening.

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 1. CAB
• CIRCULATION –restoring blood
circulation by chest circulation.
• AIRWAY- clearing the airway of
the victim for breathing.
• BREATHING – breathing for the
victim through mouth-to-mouth
(CPR) or mouth-to-nose.

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 2. Vital Signs
• Measurement of our body’s most
basic functions.
• BODY TEMPERATURE
• Measurement of the body’s capacity to
produce or eliminate heat.

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 • PULSE RATE
• Count of heart beats per
minute

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 • RESPIRATION RATE
• Count of breaths a
person in a minute.

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 • BLOOD PRESSURE RATE
• The force of blood pushing
the artery walls measured
with blood pressure cuff
and stethoscope.

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 SECONDARY SURVEY
• S - YMPTOMS
• A- LLERGY
• M- EDICATION
• P- REVIOUS ILLNESS
• L- AST MEAL
• E - VENTS
• P – ERIOD OF PAIN
• A - REA
• I - INTENSITY
• N - ULLIFY
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© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110
 Assess the Scene

Evaluate the scene

Assess safety
Prioritize care
Check for medical alert tags
Do head-to-toe check
Move only if necessary

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 No Breathing
Administer CPR:
• Lay the person on his or her back
• Give chest compressions
• Tilt head slightly
• Breathe into the person’s mouth
• Continue until EMS personnel arrive

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 Bleeding
• Stop the flow of blood
• Wear gloves
• Cover the wound
• Apply pressure
• If a body part has
been amputated,
put it on ice

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 Shock
• Lay the victim down
• Cover
• Raise feet

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 Anaphylactic Shock
• Give the victim medication
• Call for help ASAP
• Start CPR if necessary

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 Heart Attack
• Call 911
• Make victim comfortable
• Loosen tight clothing
• Check for medication
• Keep victim still
• Don’t give stimulants

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 Choking
• Ask a person to speak
or cough
• Deliver 5 back blows
• Perform abdominal
thrusts
• Repeat sequence of back
blows and abdominal
thrusts

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 If Abdominal
Thrusts Don’t Work
• Call 911
• Finger sweep
• Abdominal thrusts
• Check ABCs
• Perform CPR if
not breathing

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 Electrical Shock
Don’t touch!
Turn power off
Call 911
Remove person
from live wire
Check for breathing

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 Match the problem with the correct first-aid procedure.

Bleeding CPR
Choking Elevate feet
No breathing Keep victim still
Heart attack Direct pressure

Shock Abdominal thrusts

Sweeten deal

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 Review
Do you understand first-aid
procedures for:
• No breathing?
• Bleeding?
• Shock?
• Heart attack?
• Choking?
• Electrical shock?

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 Eye Injuries
• Splashes
• Particles in eye
• Blow to eye
• Cuts near eye
• Penetrating objects

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 Burns
• First-degree burns—Reddened, painful skin
• Second-degree burns—Blistering
• Third-degree burns—Charring, deep tissue damage

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 Exposure to
Hazardous Materials
• Eyes
• Skin
• Inhalation
• Ingestion

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 Broken Bones
• Look
• Ask
• Treat for shock

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 Heat Exhaustion
• Move to cool place
• Lay victim down
• Elevate feet
• Loosen clothing
• Give fluids
• Apply cool compresses

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 Heatstroke

• Immediately call 911

• Cool the person down
• Monitor

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 Fainting
• Check for breathing
• Administer CPR if
necessary
• Call 911 if more than
a few minutes
• If conscious, lay the
victim down with feet
elevated

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 Epileptic Seizures
• Remove victim from
hazards
• Check for breathing
• Nothing in the mouth
• Keep comfortable
• Call 911 if medical
assistance is needed

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 Multiple choice

Which is the worst a. First degree

kind of burn? b. Third degree
For a particle in a. Flush with water
the eye: b. Rub eye
For inhalation of a. Induce vomiting
vapors or gases: b. Move to fresh air
For heatstroke: a. Call 911
b. Don’t call 911

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 Review
understand first-aid
Do you understand first-aid
procedures for:
• Eye injuries?
• Burns?
• Exposure to hazardous
hazardous
materials?
• Broken bones?
• Heat exhaustion and
and
heatstroke?
• Fainting?
• Epileptic seizures?
seizures?

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 Key Points to Remember
Medical emergencies can happen anytime.
Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
Consider being certified in first aid
and CPR.

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