FIRST AID

• IS AN IMMEDIATE HELP
PROVIDED TO A SICK OR
INJURED PERSON UNTIL
PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL
HELP ARRIVES OR
BECOME AVAILABLE
OBJECTIVES:
FIRST AID AIMS TO ACCOMPLISH
THE FOLLOWING GOALS:
1. PRESERVE LIFE
2. PREVENT FURTHER HARM &
COMPLICATIONS
3. SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL
HELP
4. PROVIDE REASSURANCE
In order for the first aider to help effectively, it is
important that actions have to be prioritized &
planned well.
Scene Size-up
˃scene safety
˃knowing what happened
-cause of injury
-nature of illness
˃role of by-standers
˃number of casualties
˃asking permission or consent
To attain consent & do the following:

˃identify yourself to the victim

˃state your level of training
˃ask the victim whether you may help
˃explain what you observe
˃explain what you plan to do.
 Airway & Breathing Emergencies
Foreign-body Airway Obstructions
Classification of Airway Obstructions

1. Mild airway obstruction=is a type of

obstruction in which patient can still talk,
cough, make wheezing sounds & answer
the question, “are you choking?”
2. Severe airway obstruction= is
characterized by poor air exchange &
increased breathing difficulty, inability to
speak, cough & breathes.
Causes:
The most common cause of choking in adults is
airway obstruction which may be caused by the
following:
˃ swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food
˃drinking alcohol
˃wearing of dentures
˃eating while talking excitedly, laughing or eating too
fast
˃walking, playing or running with food or objects in
the mouth
˃In infants & children, choking occurs while eating or
by putting non-food items such as coins or toys inside
the mouth while playing.
What to do? “HEIMLICH MANEUVER”
˃Back blows & Abdominal/Chest thrust
Asthma Attack

Asthma is an illness in which

certain substances or conditions
called “triggers” cause
inflammation & constriction of the
airways, making breathing
difficult.
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
˃Remain calm
˃Help the person to sit comfortably
˃Loosen any tight clothing around the
neck & abdomen
˃Assist the person with his or her
prescribed quick-relief medication
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
A wound is any physical injury
involving a break in the layers of
the skin. Wounds are generally
classified as either closed or open.
Closed Wound
=is a wound where the outer layer of the skin
is intact & the damage lies below the surface.

First Aid Management:

-apply an ice pack
-elevate the injured part
-help the person to rest
-provide comfort & reassure the person
Open Wound
=in an open wound, the layer of the
skin is broken.

First Aid Management:

General care for open wound includes
controlling bleeding, preventing infection &
using dressing & bandages correctly.
Minor open wounds:
-use a barrier between your hand & the wound
-apply direct pressure
-wash abrasions & other superficial wounds
-apply povidone-iodine antiseptic solution or if
available, an antibiotic ointment or cream
-cover the wound with a sterile dressing
-wash your hands immediately after giving care.
Major open wounds
-call the local emergency number
-control bleeding by applying direct
pressure or employing a pressure bandage
-monitor airway & breathing
-have the person rest comfortably & provide
reassurance
-wash your hands immediately after giving
care.
BURNS
are injuries to the skin & to the other body
tissues that is caused by heat, chemicals &
electricity.
Classifications:

-superficial(first degree) burn (dermis)

-partial thickness(second degree) burn (epidermis)
-full-thickness(third degree) burn ( hypodermis)
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
-check the scene for safety
-stop the burning by removing the victim
from the source of the burn.
-cool the burn with large amounts of cold
running water
-cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing
-Prevent infection, do not break blisters
-Apply antibiotics ointment if the person has
no known allergies to the medication
CHEMICAL BURNS:
-remove the chemical from the skin as quickly
as possible
-flush the burn with large amounts of cool
running water
-if an eye is burned by chemical, flush the
affected eye with water until advance medical
personnel take over
-if possible, have the person remove
contaminated clothes to prevent the spread of
infection which you continue to flush the area
ELECTRICAL BURNS:
-never go near the person until you are sure
that he or she is no longer in contact with the
power source
-Turn off the power at its source & be aware
of any life threatening conditions
-look for entry & exit wounds & give
appropriate care
-remember that anyone suffering from electric
shock requires advanced medical attention.
HYPOTHERMIA( Temperature)
-prolonged exposure to cold weather
or immersion in cold water
-old age
-very young age
WHAT TO DO:
-move patient to a warm, dry shelter as soon
as possible
-remove any wet clothes, hat, shoes & socks
-begin rewarming provide dry clothes,
apply hot packs to armpits, neck & groin.
-offer warm liquids
-if patient lost breathing & pulse, begin CPR
immediately
 HYPERTHERMIA( Temperature)
What to do:
-move patient to a cool area
-check patients ABC’s
-have the patient lie down, elevate feet
slightly
-sponge with cool water
-place ice packs on the neck, armpits &
groin
-cover with cool damp sheets.
 DOG BITE

What to do:
-clean the wound with soap & running water
-observe the dog for 14 days
 INSECT BITE
What to do:
-Clean the site
-wash it carefully with soap & water
-if the bite or scratch wound is bleeding,
apply pressure to the area with a clean
gauze or towel until the bleeding stops.
-transport patient to a physician for further
evaluation & management.
 SNAKE BITES
What to do:
-establish & maintain an open airway
-keep patient calm. Limit activity to minimize
circulation of venom
-wash wound with soap & water
-do not suck out the poison
-do not give the victim anything to eat or drink due to
the possibility of choking and/or vomiting caused by
a reaction to the snake venom
-patient should be transported to the hospital for
further evaluation.
THANK YOU!