Vascularization of lower extremities

Presented by:
Zainab Sawan
 COMMON ILIAC ARTERY
The common iliac arteries are the first
arteries to start with that supplies our
lower extremities , they are originated
from the abdominal aorta (at the level
of 4th lumber vertebra) and branches to
external iliac artery and internal iliac
arteries.
EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY

The external iliac artery

branches to inferior
epigastric artery and deep
circumflex iliac artery
before the level of inguinal
ligament.
 COMMON FEMORAL ARTERY
After the level of the inguinal
ligament the external iliac artery
become called a common femoral
artery, which is responsible for
nourishment of the thigh of the
leg, It enters the thigh from behind
the inguinal ligament as the
continuation of the 
external iliac artery.
 BRANCHES OF COMMON FEMORAL
ARTERY
The common femoral artery
divides mainly to give
superficial femoral artery and
deep femoral artery

The superficial femoral artery

have a role of supplying
oxygenated blood to the leg
when it becomes 2/3 of leg it
become called Popliteal artery
which have a role of supplying
the knee
The deep femoral artery
have a role of supplying the
thigh with oxygenated
blood
 COMMON FEMORAL ARTERY
The common femoral artery
divides to:
• Superficial circumflex
iliac artery
• Superficial epigastric
artery
• Superficial external
pudendal artery
• Deep external pudendal
artery (deep)
• Profunda femoris artery
(deep)
• Descending genicular
artery (deep)
 POPLITEAL ARTERY
The popliteal artery is one of the major arteries of the leg. It is a continuation of the
femoral artery, travels across the popliteal fossa, and finally bifurcates into the anterior
and posterior tibial ends. Across it journey it gives off numerous branches that supply
several structures such as the knee joint and its components, together with major muscles
of the leg.

Branches:
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Sural artery
Superior lateral genicular artery
Superior medial genicular artery
Middle genicular artery
Inferior lateral genicular artery
Inferior medial genicular artery
 ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBULAR
ARTERIES
The anterior tibial artery passes
through the interosseous
membrane to reach the anterior
compartment of the leg. It
continues to the dorsum of the foot
as the dorsalis pedis artery.

The posterior tibular artery supplies

the posterior leg and branches to
fibular artery and lateral and medial
plantar arteries that supplies the
lateral leg and foot and supplies foot
and toes (supplies toes after
branching to digital arteries)
 VEINS
Mainly we have 2 types of veins:
 Superficial veins
 Deep veins
There are 2 major types of
superficial veins:
 The great saphenous vein formed by
dorsal venous arch of the foot and the
dorsal vein of the great toe.
 The small saphenous vein formed by
dorsal venous arch of the foot and the
dorsal vein of the little toe.
DEEP VEINS
As a general rule, the deep veins
accompany and share the name of
the major arteries in the lower limb.

The leg and foot:

The main venous structure of the
foot is the dorsal venous arch,
which mostly drains into the
superficial veins. Some veins from
the arch penetrate deep into the leg,
forming the anterior tibial vein.
On the plantar aspect of the
foot, medial and lateral plantar veins arise. These
veins combine to form the posterior
tibial and fibular veins. The posterior tibial vein
accompanies the posterior tibial artery, entering the
leg posteriorly to the medial malleolus.

On the posterior surface of the knee, the anterior

tibial, posterior tibial and fibular veins unite to
form the popliteal vein. The popliteal vein enters
the thigh via the adductor canal.
The Thigh
Once the popliteal vein has
entered the thigh, it is known as
the femoral vein. It is situated
anteriorly, accompanying the
femoral artery.

The deep vein of the thigh is the

other main venous structure in the
thigh. It drains blood from the
thigh muscles

The femoral vein leaves the thigh by

running underneath the inguinal
ligament, at which point it is known
as the external iliac vein.
CLAP OR I WILL KILL YOU