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AT 17701 – Engine& Vehicle
Management System
SESSION 2
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Unit 1 Control Systems

 Microprocessor architecture
 Open and closed loop control strategies
 PID control
 Look up tables
 Introduction to modern control strategies like Fuzzy logic and adaptive control
 Overview of automotive control systems

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Microprocessor

 A microprocessor is a computer processor that incorporates the functions of a central processing

unit on a single (or more) integrated circuit (IC) of MOSFET construction.

 The microprocessor is a multipurpose, clock driven, register based, digital integrated circuit that

accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory and
provides results (also in binary form) as output.

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8085 Microprocessor

 8085 is pronounced as "eighty-eighty-five" microprocessor.

 It is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Intel in 1977
 It has the following configuration −
 8-bit data bus
 16-bit address bus, which can address upto 64KB
 A 16-bit program counter
 A 16-bit stack pointer
 Six 8-bit registers arranged in pairs: BC, DE, HL
 Requires +5V supply to operate at 3.2 MHZ single phase clock
 It is used in washing machines, microwave ovens, mobile
phones, etc.
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Open loop Control

 Examples: Automatic washing machine, Electric bulb, Electric hand drier, Time based
Bread toaster, Volume of the audio system, TV remote control, etc.

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Open loop control
Advantages
 The open loop systems are very simple in
design and easy to design.
 These are cheaper in cost than other type of
control systems.
 Maintenance of open loop control system is
very simple.
 These are stable for some extent of time.
 These types of systems are convenient to use.
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Disadvantages
 The bandwidth of open loop control system is less.
 The non feedback system doesn’t facilitates the
automation of process.
 Open loop systems are inaccurate in nature.
 As their output is affected by some of the external
system disturbances, the non feedback systems are
unreliable.
 It cannot correct the output deviations
automatically.
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Closed loop control

 Examples:
 Automatic electric iron
 Water level controller
 Air conditioner
 Motor speed regulation

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Closed loop control
Advantages
 As the closed loop control systems have
feedback signal to control the output, these are
very accurate and less error prone.
 They can automatically correct the errors by
means of the feedback signal.
 Closed loop systems are very accurate.
 Band width of open loop system is very large
than closed loop system.
 They can support automation.
 As they have very high noise margin, they are
less affected by noise.
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Disadvantages
 They are very complex and complicated to
design.
 Economically they are very costlier.
 High maintenance is required.
 Some times the feedback signal causes the
system to oscillate, which will give oscillatory
response.
 More time and efforts are needed to design a
stable closed loop system.
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End of session 2

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