Control System:

The definition of a control system can be simplified as a system, which controls other systems.
Requirements of a Good Control System:
1. Accuracy
2. Sensitivity
3. Noise
4. Stability
5. Bandwidth
6. Speed
7. Oscillation
Types of control system:
There are two main types of control system. They are as follow
1. Open loop control system
2. Closed loop control system
Open loop control system:
Open-loop system, also referred to as non-feedback system, is a type of continuous control system in which the
output has no influence or effect on the control action of the input signal.

Factor effect the Open loop control system:

1. Effect of output:
2. Reaction to Internal and External Disturbances:
3. Stability:
4. Effect on gain:
Practical Examples of Open Loop Control System:
1. Electric Hand Drier
 2. Automatic Washing Machine
3. Bread Toaster
4. Automatic Tea/Coffee Maker
Advantages of Open Loop Control System:
1. Simple in construction and design.
2. Economical.
3. Easy to maintain.
4. Generally stable.
Disadvantages of Open Loop Control System:
1. They are inaccurate.
2. They are unreliable.
3. Any change in output cannot be corrected automatically.
Closed loop control systems:
A closed loop system is also referred as a feedback control system. In a closed loop control system, the input is
adjusted function of the output of the system.
Factor effect the Closed-loop Control:
1. Effect of output
2. Reaction to Internal and External Disturbances
3. Stability
4. Effect on gain
Closed-loop System Transfer Function:

-loop transfer function of:

Control Actions in feedback system:
Proportional: – improves speed but with steady-state error
Integral: – improves steady state error but with less stability, overshoot, longer transient,
Derivative: – improves stability but sensitive to noise
Effect of Feedback:
1. Error between system input and system output is reduced.
2. System gain is reduced by a factor 1/ (1±GH).
3. Improvement in sensitivity.
4. Stability may be affected.
5. Improve the speed of response
Practical Examples of Closed Loop Control System:
1. Automatic Electric Iron
2. Servo Voltage Stabilizer
3. An Air Conditioner
4. Cooling System in Car
Advantages of Closed Loop Control System:
1. Closed loop control systems are more accurate even in the presence of non-linearity.
2. Highly accurate as any error arising is corrected due to presence of feedback signal.
3. Bandwidth range is large.
Disadvantages of Closed Loop Control System:
1. They are costlier.
2. They are complicated to design.
3. Required more maintenance.
Comparison of Closed Loop and Open Loop Control System:
Sr. No. Open loop control system Closed loop control system

1 The feedback element is absent. The feedback element is always present.

2 An error detector is not present. An error detector is always present.

3 It is stable one. It may become unstable.

4 Easy to construct. Complicated construction.

5 It is an economical. It is costly.

6 Having small bandwidth. Having large bandwidth.

7 It is inaccurate. It is accurate.

8 Less maintenance. More maintenance.

9 It is unreliable. It is reliable.

10 Examples: Hand drier, tea maker Examples: Servo voltage stabilizer, perspiration