Safety, Health and Environment

Program: B.Sc. Chemical Engineering Technology

Semester: 7th (Fall 2019)

Instructor/Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed

Department of Chemical Engineering Technology
GC University Faisalabad
 Safety, Health and Environment
• Course Code: CHT-603
• Objective of the Course:
– To develop the understanding of safety, health and environment
with respect to chemical process industries.
• Pre-requisites: Chemical Process Industries , Chemical
Engineering Thermodynamics
• Industries Applicable To:
Useful for all Chemical Process
Industries, Refineries, Fertilizer plants
Petrochemical plants.

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 2

 Course Outline
• Introduction to HSE, HSE for CPI, Hazard, Sources Of
Industrial Hazards, Hazard Identification, Assessment and
Management Mid term

• Safety Measures (Maintenance, Scheduling Of

Maintenance, Non-destructive Testing Techniques,
Preventive & Predictive Maintenance)
• Fire Triangle, Fire Extinguishers, Personal Protective
Equipment, OSHA (Occupational Safety And Health
Administration) Safety Standards Final term

• Introduction To Ecology Of Environment, Impact Of

Technology On Ecology Of System, Introduction To
Pollution, Sources & Classification, The Effects Of
Industrial Pollutants On Human Environments,
Environmental Impact Assessment & Sustainable
Development
Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 3
 Recommended Books
1. Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with
Applications (3rd Edition) (Prentice Hall International
Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering
Sciences) by Daniel A Crowl, Joseph F. Lounar
2. NEBOSH (International General Certificate Unit-1, 2,3)
by RCC
3. Chemical Process Safety, Learning from case histories,
3rd edition, by Roy E. Sanders
4. Introduction to Process Safety for Undergraduates and
Engineers by Wiley
5. A guide to effective industrial safety by Jack W. Boley

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 4

Recommended Books

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 5

Recommended Books

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 6

 Introduction: HSE
• HSE is a discipline and specialty that studies and implements practical
aspects of environmental protection and safety at work. In simple terms
it is what organizations must do to make sure that their activities do not
cause harm to anyone.
• Health: The absence of disease or ill health. For example, asbestos
creates a health risk because if you inhale asbestos dust you may
contract lung cancer (a disease) at some stage later in life. Health relates
not only to physical ill health but also to psychological ill health (e.g.
exposure to extreme stress can lead to nervous breakdown).
• Safety: The absence of risk of serious personal injury. For example,
walking under a load hanging from a crane during a lifting operation is
not safe because if the load falls serious personal injury or death could
result. Going into the gas leakage area can cause to serious danger.
Staying out of the danger area results in safety.
7
Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed
 Reasons for Maintaining and Promoting Good
Standards of Health and Safety
• The three main reasons why an industry has to
manage health and safety are
1. Moral
2. Legal (social)
3. Economic
1. The moral reason relates to the moral duty that one
person has to another. Many people are killed,
injured or made sick by their work. This is morally
unacceptable and society as a whole demands that
people are safe whilst at work.

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 8

 Reasons for Maintaining and Promoting Good
Standards of Health and Safety
2. The social (or legal) reason relates to the framework of laws
that govern the conduct of businesses and organizations. An
employer has a duty to provide a safe place of work, safe
plant and equipment, safe systems of work, adequate training
and supervision, and competent employees
3. The economic reason relates to the fact that accidents and ill
health cost money. When an accident occurs there will be
direct and indirect costs as a result of that event. Some of
these losses can be insured against; many of them will be
uninsured.

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 9

 HSE for Chemical Process Industry
• The growth of an industry is dependent
on technological advances. This is
especially true in the chemical industry,
which is entering an era of more
complex processes: higher pressure,
more reactive chemicals, and exotic
chemistry.
• More complex processes require more complex safety technology. Many
industrialists even believe that the development and application of safety
technology is actually a constraint on the growth of the chemical industry.
• As chemical process technology becomes more complex, chemical
engineers will need a more detailed and fundamental understanding of
safety. H. H. Fawcett said, “To know is to survive and to ignore
fundamentals is to court disaster.”

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 10

 HSE for Chemical Process Industry
• Since 1950, significant technological
advances have been made in
chemical process safety. Today,
safety is equal in importance to
production and has developed into a
scientific discipline that includes
many highly technical and complex
theories and practices
• Mathematical techniques to determine the various ways that
processes can fail and the probability of failure
• Use of appropriate technological tools to provide information for
making safety decisions with respect to plant design and operation

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 11

 Legal Responsibilities Of The Industry For
Health & Safety
• It is the legal duty of the
company (employer) to
provide their employees the
following for their workers
health & safety
1. Safe Place of Work
2. Safe Plant and Equipment
3. Safe Systems of Work
4. Training, Supervision and Competency of
Staff
Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 12
 Legal Responsibilities Of The Industry For
Health & Safety
1. Safe Place of Work
The employer creates the place of work, which should be
reasonably safe and without risk to health. What is considered
“reasonable” may vary with the type of work. The employer
should also provide safe access to and from the workplace.
2. Safe Plant and Equipment
All the machinery, tools, plant and equipment used by employees
at work should be reasonably safe and without health risk. Exactly
what this means will depend on the type of work being carried out.
The greater the risk involved, the greater the care that must be
taken. For example, machinery would need to be inspected;
serviced; repaired and replaced in a steel-making factory, whereas
in an office a very simple inspection regime might be sufficient.

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 13

 Legal Responsibilities Of The Industry For
Health & Safety
3. Safe Systems of Work
There should be recognized procedures for the safe conduct of all
work activities. These procedures should cover all foreseeable
possibilities, e.g. the operation of drilling equipment in different
types of weather, rather than just a set of rules which ensure safety
when the weather is good. Procedures should cover the routine day-
to-day activities of the organization and the non routine, occasional
or one-off activities, as well as any foreseeable emergencies that
might arise.
4. Training, Supervision and Competency of Staff
Workers must be able to carry out the necessary procedures.
Employers have a duty to provide appropriate training so that
workers are aware of the hazards and risks inherent in their work, the
safe systems of work and the emergency procedures.
Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 14
 Legal Responsibilities Of The Industry For
Health & Safety
4. Training, Supervision and Competency of Staff
(continued)
This training can be reinforced by
providing information and instruction.

Employers should supervise workers

to ensure that they are carrying out
their work with minimal risk to themselves and others.
This does not mean that supervisors have to stand and watch every
worker at all times, they just have to provide adequate levels of
supervision. Finally, an employer should ensure that all
workers, supervisors and managers are competent.

Lecturer: Engr. Babar Saeed 15