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Metabolic Reactions
Enzymology
Catabolism
Litho/Phototrophy
Anabolism
Chemoorganoheterotroph
Metabolism Overview:
Reduction;
e- gain
from donor
Oxidation;
e- loss to
acceptor
Laws of Thermodynamics
• First: energy is neither created not destroyed; it simply
changes state.
– E.g. light to chemical & heat;
– E.g. chemical to work and heat
Better
Donors
Better
Acceptors
Electron
Carriers:
• Electrons like to flow from NADH
negative to positive E’o; reduced
releasing energy in the
transfer.
• Electron Carrier Functions:
– Control the release of energy for
work.
– Supply “reducing power” in anabolic
reaction.
FAD
• Electron Carrier Types: oxidized
– NADH / NADPH (free)
– FAD / FMN (free or as flavoprotein)
– Coenzyme Q (= Ubiquinone)
(“dissolved” in lipid membranes)
– Cytochromes (Iron-porphyrin ring +
protein)
– Non-heme Iron Protein (e.g.
ferredoxin
Electron Carriers:
Ubiquinone (CoQ)