ORAL VIVA PRESENTATION

“EXPLORING THE DELAYS IN CHURCH CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS IN THE AKUAPEM PRESBYTERY OF THE
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF GHANA”

MENTOR: DR. THOMAS GRASHAM

Ransford Kwabena Awuku-Gyampoh, PhD

“Exploring the delays in Church Construction Projects in the Akuapem Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana”

Ransford Kwabena Awuku-Gyampoh, PhD

 AREAS TO BE COVERED IN THE
PRESENTATION

 1. Problems /questions to the research

 2. Methods for answering the questions
 3. Major findings
 4. Implications, significance, application
 5. Next step in your scholarly career
 Another research
 Publication
 Background

 In PCG, church construction projects are key to the safety and proper management
of the church, like all other presbyteries (PCG-Constitution 2016). However, in
response to providing these infrastructures, there were church buildings and
minister’s residence (manse) which had been left unattended for several years, and
there were no signs of continuing the project.
 Delay in construction projects is regarded as a critical concern for contractors and
project managers as it involves high cost overrun because of the extended deadline
of the project (Monghasemi, et al., 2015; Marzouk, & El-Rasas, 2014).
 The research is framed to identify the core delay factors which are hindering the
Church Construction Projects in PCG.
 Purpose of the Study

 Study was to seek an understanding of the essential delay determinants related to the
Presbyterian Church construction projects in Ghana.
 The study further focused on the critical success or failure components involved in the
church construction projects so that the extent of influence of each factor was assessed
correctly in understanding their effect on the project efficiency (Naoum, et al., 2018).
 The available conceptual and empirical studies executed in construction delays largely
focused on roads and other public institutions (Famiyeh, et al., 2017; Murwira, & Bekker,
2017).
 There were few literatures identified on church construction projects, and these were also
outdated.
 Therefore, in order to bridge these theoretical gaps, a conceptual framework integrating
client/owner-related factors, quality-related, project, material, external-related factors
and Church organization structure was developed to investigate their relationships with
Church construction delay.
 Methodology
 Quantitative Research Approach was used to
 measure and verify the outcome (Mayer, 2015);
 contrast and compare the results (Nardi, 2018);
 establish the validity of the instrument and the
conclusion (Creswell & Clark, 2017) and
 appreciate and critic the precision of the study outcome
(Vance, et al, 2013).
 the method was also used to evaluate the impact of
each of the factors on the construction project.
 population is 2400

Methodology Cont. …

Population is 2400
   Where ..

Sample size 480  Confidence Level (1−α) 95%

Purposive random  Population proportion (p) 50% (0.5)

sampling  Margin of Error (confidence) (e) 4%

Sample size
calculation  Population size (N) 2400

 Alpha divided by 2 (α/2) 0.025

 Z-Score (Z) 1.96

METHODOLOGY CONT. …

Data Collection Techniques

Online survey tool, MikeCRM
The cross-sectional survey
self-administered
the purposive random sampling,
 Statistical tools Analysis

 This aspect presents the analysis of all the statistical tools employed in the review
of the data.
 The discussion includes the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS),
 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) - for relationship level amongst the constructs
 The Moment Structure (AMOS),
 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and
 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Test (KMO) and
Bartlett’s Test and Chi-Square (Babbie, et al., 2018).
 Figure 6

Proposed Research Model for the study

Client/Owner Related Factors

H1
(ClientORF)
Church Organizational Structure
H
H2H
(ChuOS)
Quality Related Factors 12H3 Church
H
Construction
MODEL FOR THE STUDY (QuaRF)
Project Related Factors 3 H4 H Delay

(ProjRF) H
45 H
Material Related Factors
H6
5 H
(MatRF)
External Related Factors
6
(ExtRF)
Note. Church construction delay serve as the dependent variables being controlled by the six

There were 6 independent variables independent variables. This means that the changes in the controlled variables trigger the
(control) and a dependent variable dependent variables (church construction delays). Author’s construct 2020
Significance of the studies

 The outcomes of the study contributed to the business and the educational domain in three main
categories,( i.e. theoretical, empirical, and methodological).
 Empirically, the study impacted the body of knowledge since it investigated the impact of church
organizational structure on church construction delays.
 Theoretically, the aim was to contribute to current knowledge base in the business world as well as
engineering, construction, and architectural management area of study, especially in the study of
project management, church management, engineering, and technology, per the perspective of
strategic management and a developing country (Ilhan & Yobas, 2019; Zidane & Andersen, 2018).
 this study also helped in ensuring that proper measures are put in place to eschew any undue delay
and make judicious use of the available resources (Li, et al., 2019).
 The outcome aided scholars, church leaders, managers, and those in the construction industry to
improve on their human resource management (HRM) for sustainability in Church construction
projects and other related structure projects (Kim, et al., 2018; Sutar & Mehendale, 2017).
 Finally, this research was in fulfillment of SMC University’s requirement for the award of Doctorate of
Management.
Objectives

1. To investigate the relationship between client/owner-related factors and church construction delays.

2. To investigate the relationship between Church organizational structure and Church construction delay.

3. To examine the relationship between quality-related-factors and Church construction delay.

4. To examine the relationship between project-related-factors and Church construction delay.

5. To assess the relationship between material related factors and Church construction delay.

6. To examine the relationship between external-related-factors and Church construction delay.

Research Questions

RQ1: Is there a relationship between client /owner-related factor and Church Construction Delay ?

RQ2: Is there a substantial relationship between Church Organization Structure and Church construction delay?

RQ3: Is there a considerable association between quality-related factors and Church construction delay?

RQ4: Is there a substantial relationship between project-related factors and Church construction delay?

RQ5: Is there a relationship between material-related factors and Church construction delay?

RQ6: Is there a substantial relationship between external-related-factors and Church construction delay?
Methodology Cont..
 Data on Questionnaires

Questionnaires Number Percentage

(%)
The sample data was analyzed
statistically using
Total distributed 480 100.00

Unanswered 78 15.20 • Exploratory Factor Analysis,

Fully answered 402 84.80
• Confirmatory Factor Analysis,
• Cronbach’s Alpha,
• Pearson correlations, and
• AMOS for reliability and validity and
Resident Pastors/Agents (clients/owners), for measuring the suitability of the
Managers, Consultants, site superintendents proposed constructs.
(foreman), Project/Construction Managers,
Electricians, and others
(committee/session)
Research Outcome
Table 11

Hypothesis Testing

Constructs Estimate S.E. C.R. P

ChConD <--- ChuOS .155 .030 5.194 ***

ChConD <--- ClientORF .074 .026 2.892 .004

ChConD <--- ExtRF .112 .029 3.893 ***

ChConD <--- QuaRF .146 .036 4.036 ***

ChConD <--- MatRF .212 .033 6.337 ***

ChConD <--- ProjRF -.111 .032 -3.435 ***

Note. A tabulation of the research outcome showing the variables, statistical inference, on Church

organization structure, client /owner-related factors, External-related-factors, Quality-related-

factors, Material related factors, and Project-related-factors on Church construction delay.

 Table 12

Hypothesis (H1-H6) status Summary

Hypothesis
Estimate p
Constructs Remarks

H1 ChConD <--- ChuOS .155 *** Accepted

H2 ChConD <--- ClientORF .074 .004 Accepted

HYPOTHESIS STATUS H3

H4
ChConD

ChConD
<---

<---
ExtRF

QuaRF
.112

.146
***

***
Accepted

Accepted

H5 ChConD <--- MatRF .212 *** Accepted

H6 ChConD <--- ProjRF -.111 *** Accepted

SUMMARY
Note. The table illustrates all the hypotheses with the corresponding estimated regression

statistics and P values to determine the acceptance or rejection status.

Key Results per Literature Support

 H1a: There is a substantial relationship  H4a: There is a substantial relationship

between client/owner-related factors
and Church construction delay (Ani and
Rakmat, 2017; Purnus and Bodea, 2014).
 H2a: There is a momentous relationship
between Church organization structure  H5a: There is a considerable relationship
and Church construction delay (Asiedu,
et al., 2017, Brunet, 2019; Doppelt,
2017).
 H3a: There is a substantial relationship
between quality-related factors and
Church construction delay (Asiedu and
Alfen, 2016; Durdyev, et al., 2017;
Rahman, et al. 2014).
between project-related factors and
Church construction delay Aziz and
Abdel-Hakam, 2016; Famiyeh, et al.,
2017; Wallensteen, 2018).
between material-related factors and
Church construction delay Arthur, 2016),
Gebrehiwet and Luo, 2017; Pall, 2016).
 H6a: There is a substantial relationship
between External-related-factors, and
Church construction delay Addo, 2016),
Alzraiee, et al., 2015; Arditi, et al. 2017;
Baiden, et al., 2015).
Outcome of the Study with Table

 The study confirmed six factors to be Variable Est. β P

responsible for the church construction
delay. Material .212 ***
1. Material related as the highest Project -.111 ***
factor
Quality
2. Project-related .146 ***
3. Quality related
External
4. External related and .122 ***
5. Church Organizational Structure
6. Client/Owner related as the least. ChurchOS .155 ***

Client/Owner .074 .004

Practical Recommendation

Client/O ChuOS Quality Quality

Implementing Orientation on
Plan/guide a sustainable Quality Education
strategies Assurance

Experts’ Agent Regular

Monitoring
counsel/budget Training

Session
Certify
Involvement/
approved Policy Guide
Project
design
Account

Active
communication
channel
Title and Content Layout with SmartArt

Material Project External External

Advance Initial contract Timely Security guard
Preparation duration inspection on-site

Adequate Decent
Proper storage Advance
quality contract
facility budget
resources clauses

A guide for
Appoint works
construction
superintendent
projects

Adequate
funds
Next step in My scholarly career
Publication
Articles
A book
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Dr. Thomas Grisham – Mentor

Prof. Francis Pol Lim
UCN University, The Academic Review Board (ARB),
UCN University.
The Leadership of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana
All Church Project Construction Experts in PCG
My family
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING