Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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What is light?
Light is produced by the Sun,
and by objects such as light
bulbs and matches.
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Light energy
Light is a form of energy and can be changed from one form
into another.
Light travels in a
straight line directly
into the eye.
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Transparent, Translucent and Opaque Materials
OPAQUE MATERIALS 6
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Transparent objects allow you to see clearly
through them. Some examples are:
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Translucent objects only let some light through
them. You cannot see clearly through a
translucent object. Some examples are:
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Opaque objects do not let any light through them.
You cannot see through them. Some examples of
opaque objects are:
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Fill in the blanks
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( Pantulan cahaya )
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Reflective materials
• Normal
• Incident Ray
• Reflected Ray
• The light ray which bounces off is called the reflected ray.
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Normal
Incident ray
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Normal
Incident ray Reflected ray
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Normal
Incident ray Reflected ray
Øi Ør
Øi = Angle of incidence
Ør = Angle of reflection
i r
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Reflection on Plane Mirrors
• Surface is smooth.
• Light is reflected completely.
Characteristics of image …
Upright
Image Object
Virtual
=
= Laterallyinverted
Same size as object.
Same distance from
the mirror as the object.
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What is lateral inversion?
A plane mirror reflects light
regularly so it produces a clear
image, which is the same size
as the object.
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Refraction
2. When light enters a different material (ex: when moving from air into glass),
the speed of light changes.
air
glass
4. When light enters a more dense medium, its speed decreases and this is why
refraction occurs.
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From air to water… LIGHT
r
i – angle of incidence
Refracted ray
r– angle of refraction
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From water to air… LIGHT
r Second medium is
air optically less dense than
the first.
water
i
i – angle of incidence
Incident ray r– angle of refraction
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LIGHT
From air to glass, then from glass to air…
During refraction,
light bends first on
passing from air to glass
and again on passing
from the glass to the air.
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From air to glass, then from glass to air…
Incident ray
normal
Angle of
incidence
Angle of refraction
Refracted ray
normal
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Laws of Refraction
sin i
n (Snell’s Law)
sin r
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Daily Phenomena of Refraction
• Object is at a deeper
depth than where it
appears to be.
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Effects of refraction
Light from the part of the pencil in the
water is refracted as it travels from the
water into the air, making it appear bent.
a location where it
knows the prey to be.
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( Penyebaran cahaya )
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What are the colours of
the rainbow?
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Dispersion of Light
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Dispersion of Light (splitting of light)
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White light contains the colours:
Red - R
Orange - O
Yellow - Y
Green - G
Blue - B
Indigo - I
Violet - V
Red is refracted the least
g ht
it e li
Wh Violet is refracted the most
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( Penyerakan cahaya )
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Please refer to your science/ IGCSE textbook !!!
“Scattering Of Light”
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( Penambahan dan Penolakan cahaya )
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Please refer to your science/ IGCSE textbook !!!
Of Light”
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