FIRE PROTECTION &

PREVENTION
CHAPTER 9
NME 525 – 1ME
GROUP 2
PADILLA, MARK DARYL C.
NERY, HARVEY D.
MALUMAY, LEYZER S.
HADAP, JOHN ISRAEL F.
 IMPORTANCE OF FIRE PROTECTION AND
PREVENTION
• Fires affect thousands of companies each year resulting in injury, lost customer trust and
building damage. By establishing a fire prevention and preparedness program, you can help
avoid injuries to your employees and visitors, costly damages, and potential fines to your
business. Below are some best practices to help prepare your facility for a fire emergency.
Section 1.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
 1.1 SCOPE
The provision of the Fire Protection and Prevention to and govern the following:
a. All private or public buildings, facilities,
structures and their premises, constructed,
existing and proposed.
b. Storage, handling or use of combustible,
flammable, toxic, explosives and other
hazardous materials.
c. Applications of Fire safety construction,
automatic fire suppressions and fire
protective equipment or systems.
 1.2 GENERAL SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS
Structure or Facility the owner of any building, structure,
facility shall install, provide, incorporate, adopt
and maintain under operable and usable
conditions the automatic fire protection devices,
equipment, fire safety construction, and warning
system.
 1.3 PURPOSE
The purpose of this standard is to provide a reasonable degree of protection for life and
property from fire through the installation of the appropriate type of fire protection for the
different buildings, structures or facilities. Hence in relation to these standards, all of the
owner and all occupants of the buildings, structures or facilities shall organize themselves and
develop, implement fire safety programs to include fire preventions in the buildings, premises,
notification of the Fire Department Personnel to the existence of a fire.
SECTION 2.0 INDOOR GENERAL
STORAGE
 2.1 APPLICATION AND SCOPE
The standard applies to storage, 6.40 m or less in height, of commodities which with them packaging
and storage aids would classify as ordinary combustibles. This standard also applies to storage of
commodities which with their packaging and storage aids would classify as non-combustibles
regardless of storage height. This standard does not cover unpacked bulk storage such as grain, coal or
similar commodities. Fire protection system related to certain commodities introduce hazard different
than contemplated with the above-mentioned General Storage standard. We have other standards for the
following storage occupancies:
STANDARDS FOR THE FOLLOWING STORAGE
OCCUPANCIES:
a. Rack storage of Materials over 12 ft. (3.66 m) in height in racks, and storage up to and including 25
feet (7.62 m) in height and storage over 25 feet (7.62 m) in height. Water density for fire protection for
these particular hazards varies from 0.24 gpm /sq.ft. 9.779 (Lmin/m sq.) to 0.68 gpm /sq.ft. (27.7
L/min/m sq.) Water density requirement for fire protection also depends on the four classes of
commodities, namely Class I, II, III, IV.
 Commodity Classification
• Class I Commodity is defined as essentially non-combustible product on wood pallets, or in ordinary
corrugated cartons with or without single thickness dividers, or in ordinary paper wrappings, all on
wood pallets. Such product may have a negligible amount of plastic trims, such as knobs or handles.
Examples of Class I products are:

Metal products. Metal desk with plastic tops and trim, electrical coil, electrical devices in their metal
enclosures, dry cell batteries, stoves, metal cabinets, washers, dryers.

Foods. Foods in non-combustible containers, frozen, foods, meat, fresh fruits, and vegetables in non-
plastic trays.
• Class II Commodity is defined as Class I products in slatted wooden crates, solid wooden boxes, or
equivalent combustible packaging materials on wood pallets.

Examples of Class I products are:

Thinly coated fine wire such as radio coil wire on reels or in cartons, incandescent lamps or fluorescent
bulbs; beer or wine up to 20 percent alcohol, in wood containers; and Class I product, if small cartons
or small packages placed in ordinary corrugated cartons.
• Class Ill Commodity is defined as wood, paper, natural fibre cloth, plastic products on wood pallets,
products may be contain a limited amount of plastics. Wood dressers with plastic drawer glides,
handles, and trim are examples of a commodity with a limited amount of plastic.

• Class IV Commodity is defined as Class I, II, Ill products containing an appreciable amount of
plastics in paper board cartons on wood pallets. Examples of Class IV products are: Small appliances,
typewriters, and cameras with plastic parts; plastic-backed tapes and synthetic fabrics or clothing. An
example of packing material is a metal product in a foamed plastic cocoon in corrugated cartons.
“Sprinkler System Design Curves for Solid Pile, Palletized and Bin Box Storage over 12 ft. (3.7 m),
and Shelf Storage 12 ft. (3.7 m) to 15 ft. (4.6 m) high, shall be in accordance with Figure 9-1.1” (6-
1.2)
b. Fire Protection Standard for Storage of Rubber Tires. This provision contained in this standard apply
to new facilities for tire storage and when converting existing facilities to tire storage occupancy.

c. Fire Protection Standard for the Storage of Roll Paper. The purpose of this standard is to provide a
reasonable degree of protection for the storage of roll paper when stored in buildings or structures
through installation requirements based upon sound engineer principles and test data.
 Classification of Roll Paper
• Heavy Weight Class. Includes paper board and paper stock having a basis weight [weight per 1,000
sq.ft. (93 m.sq.)j of 20 lb. (9.1 kg.) or greater.

• Medium Weight Class. Includes the broad range of papers having basis weight [weight per 1,000
sq.ft. (93 m.sq.)] from 10 lb. (4.5 kg.) to 20 lb (9.1 kg.)

• Light Weight Class. Includes all papers having basis weight [weight per 1,000 sq.ft. (93 m.sq.)] less
than 10 lb (4.5 kg) and tissues.
 DEFINITIONS
• Available Height for Storage —The maximum height at which commodities, packaging or storage can be stored
above the floor and still maintain adequate clearance from structural members and the required clearance below
sprinklers.

• Ordinary Combustibles —This term designates commodities, packages or storage aids which have hats of
combustion kilojoules per kilogram similar to wood, cloth or paper and which produce fires that may normally be
extinguished by the quenching and cooling effect of water.

• Exposure —The exterior presence of combustibles which, if ignited, could cause damage to the storage building or
its contents.

• Fire Wall —A wall designed to prevent then spread of fire having a fire resistance rating of not less than four hours
and having sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either side
without collapse of wall.
• Horizontal Channel —Any uninterrupted space in excess of 1524 m in length between horizontal layers of
stored commodities. Such channels may be formed by pallets, shelving, racks or other storage commodities.
Such channels may be formed by pallets, shelving, racks or other storage arrangements.

• Non-combustibles —This term designate commodities, packaging or storage aids which will not ignite, bum or
liberate flammable gases when heated to a temperature of 749 deg for five minutes.

• Packaging —This term designates any commodity wrapping, cushioning or container.

• Storage Aids —This term designates commodity storage devices such as shelves, pallets, dunnage, decks,
platforms, trays, bins, separators and skids.

• Warehouse —Any building or area within a building used principally for the storage of commodities.

• Extra Combustible —Materials, which, either by themselves or in combination with their packaging, are highly
susceptible to ignition and will contribute to the intensity and rapid spread of fire.
• Moderate Combustible —Materials or their packaging, either of which will contribute fuel to fire.

• Non-Combustibles —Materials and their packaging which will neither ignite nor support
combustion.

The word SHALL is intended to indicate requirements. The words IT IS RECOMMENDED indicate
advisory provisions. APPROVED refers to approval by the authority having jurisdiction.

• Approved. Acceptable to the “Authority having jurisdiction”.

• Authority Having Jurisdiction. The “authority having jurisdiction” is the organization, office or
individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation or procedure. 
Class A Fire —Fire involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and plastics

Class B Fire —Fire in flammable liquids and gases.

Class C Fire —Fire involving energized electrical equipment.

Class D Fire —Fire involving combustible metals, such as

magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium and other similar metals.

•Dry Stand Pipe —a type of stand pipe system in which the pipes are not
normally filled with water. Water is introduced into the system thru Fire Service
connections when needed.
•Fire Service —An organization or a component of the Philippine National
Police Fire Department personnel in-charge with the mission of fire prevention,
fire protection.
•Means of Egress —A continuous and unobstructed route of exit from any point
in a building, structure or facility to a safe public way.
•Occupant Load —The maximum number of persons that may be allowed to
occupy a particular building, structure, or facility or portion thereof.
• Shall —Indicate a mandatory requirement.

• Should —Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.

• Sprinkler System —A sprinkler system, for fire protection purpose, is an integrated system of one or
more water supplies for fire use, underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire
protection engineering standards.

• Warehouse —Any building or area within a building used principally for the storage of commodities
 CLASSIFICATION OF STORAGE
• a. Type I Storage. Type I storage is that in which combustible commodities or noncommodities
involving combustible package or storage aids are stored over 4,550 mm but not more than 6,400 mm
high in solid piles or over 3,650 mm but not more than 6,400 mm high in piles that contain horizontal
channels.

• b. Type II Storage. Type II storage is that in which combustible commodities or noncombustible

commodities involving combustible packaging or storage aids are stored not over 4,500 mm high in
solid piles or not over 3,650 mm high in piles that contain horizontal channels.
• c. Type Ill Storage. Type II storage is that in which the stored commodities packaging and storage
aids are non-combustible or contain only a small concentration of combustibles which are incapable
of producing a fire that would cause appreciable damage to the commodities stored or to non-
combustible wall, floor or roof construction.
 BUILDING ARRANGEMENT
a. Construction. One-storey buildings without basement storage areas are preferable for warehouses because of greater
efficiency for fire fighting and salvage operations. Long narrow buildings provide greater ease in protection and fire
fighting than large square buildings. Multi-storey buildings may be subject to the spread of fire from lower to upper floors
and water used on upper floors may cause damage on lower floors. Newly-constructed warehouses over on storey in height
should be of not less than three-hour fire-resistive construction. Fire wall construction shall be parapet at least 910 mm
above the building roof, except the parapet may be omitted where the wall fits tightly to the underside of a fire-resistive
roof deck. In buildings having combustible exterior walls, intersecting fire walls shall extend at least 1,850 mm in total
length.

b. Areas. Fire areas of warehouses should be limited to maintain the total value of the commodity within reasonable limits
yet not be too restrictive for low value commodities. Conversely, high value and vital commodities. Should be restricted to
smaller areas than for average value commodities such as found in the usual general warehouse. The combustibility of the
commodity and its packaging or storage aids should be taken into account. Other considerations are the difficulty
encountered in fire fighting and salvage operations in large undivided areas.
• Type I and Type II Storage. When protected in accordance with this standard, 4,645 m2 is considered the
maximum area for average value commodities enclosed by exterior walls or combination of exterior walls
and fire walls. A multi-storey building having three-hour fire-resistive construction shall be considered as
having each floor a separate fire area.

• Type Ill Storage. Warehouses constructed and protected in accordance with this standard may be of any
reasonable area.

c. Ventilation. Consideration should be given to the provision of roof vents and curtain boards, particularly
in large one-storey warehouses where distance to exterior wall openings makes it difficult to place hose
streams in service.

d. Protection of Stairways and Shafts. Stairways and other vertical shafts shall be enclosed with fire-
resistive construction or sealed at each floor level with construction having the same fire resistance rating as
the floor. Where stairways are required for the exit of occupants, such stairways and doors in interior
partitions enclosing stairways shall be adequately protected.
e. Stairways and Shaft of High Rise Buildings Shall Be Smoke Proof Enclosures. Smoke proof enclosures
shall be a stair enclosure so designed that the movement into the smoke proof enclosure of the product of
combustion produced by a fire occurring in any part of the building shall be limited and/or eliminated. The
smoke proof enclosure may be accomplished by using natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation a vestibule
or by pressurizing A smoke enclosure shall consist of a continuous stair enclosed from the highest point to the
lowest point by barriers having a 2-hour fire resistance rating.

f. Natural Ventilation. Smoke proof enclosures by natural ventilation shall comply with all the following:
• Where a vestibule is provided, the doorway into the vestibule shall be protected with an approved fire door
assembly having a 1-1/2-hour fire protection rating and the fire door assembly from the vestibule to the stair
shall have not less than a 20- minute fire protection rating.
• Every vestibule shall have a minimum net area of 16 sq. ft. (1.5 sq. m) of opening in an exterior court, yard
or public space at least 20 ft. (6.1 m) in width.
• Every vestibule shall have a minimum dimension not less than the required width of the corridor leading to
it and a minimum dimension of 72 in. (183 cm) in the direction of travel.
g. Mechanical Ventilation. Smoke proof enclosures by mechanical ventilation shall comply
with all of the following:
The door assembly from the building into the vestibule shall be 1-1/2-hour fire protection
rating and the door assembly from the vestibule to the stairway shall have not less than 20-
minute fire protection rating.

Vestibules shall have a minimum dimension of 44 in. (112 cm) in width and 72 in. (183 cm)
in direction of exit travel.
The vestibules shall be provided with not less than one air change per minute, and the
exhaust shall be 150 percent of the supply. Supply air shall enter and exhaust air shall
discharge from the vestibule through separate tightly constructed ducts used only for that
purpose. Su
The vestibule ceiling shall be at least 20 in. (50.8cm) higher than the door opening into the vestibule
to serve as a smoke and heat trap and to provide an upward moving air column. The height may be
decreased when justified by engineering design and field testing.
The stair shall be provided with a damper relief opening at the top and supplied mechanically with
sufficient air to discharge a minimum of 2500 cu. Ft/mm. (70.8 cu rn/mm) through the relief opening
column in the stair relative to atmosphere with all doors closed and a minimum of 0.10 inch water
column (25 Pa) difference between the stair and the vestibule.
h. Stair Pressurization. Smoke proof enclosures by stair pressurization shall comply with all of the
following:
 The building shall be throughout by an supervised automatic system.

There shall be an engineered system to pressurize the air enclosure capable of developing 0.05 in.
(12.5 Pa) in addition to the maximum anticipated stack pressure relative to other parts of the building
measured with all the enclosure doors closed.
i.Activation of Mechanical Ventilation System. For both mechanical and pressurized stair enclosure
systems, the activation of the systems shall be initiated by smoke detectors and by manual controls
accessible to the fire department. The required system shall also be initiated by the following, if
provided.
Water flow signal from a complete automatic sprinkler system.
General evacuation alarm system.
j. Standby Power. An approved self-contained generator set to operator whenever there is a loss of
power in a normal house current shall provide standby Power for mechanical ventilation.
k. Testing. Before the mechanical equipment is accepted by the authority having jurisdiction, it shall be
tested to confirm that the mechanical equipment is operating in compliance with these requirements.
l. Emergency Lighting. The stair shaft and vestibule shall be provided with emergency lighting.
m. Exposure Protection. Adequate protection against exposure shall be provided where the warehouse
or its contents are subject to damage from external fire. Depending upon the severity of the exposure,
such protection should consist of parapet masonry walls without openings, wire glass in metal framed
windows and/or open sprinklers.
o. Piles Containing Horizontal Channels
p. Type I and Type II Storage. Horizontal channels formed by rack arrangement should be suitably
fire stopped by means of barrier at intervals of 7,620 mm unless additional automatic sprinklers are
provided at intermediate levels to protect the storage.
SECTION 3.0 FIRE PROTECTION
SYSTEMS
 3.1 STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN AND
INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
a. General Information 

1. Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system, for fire protection purposes, is an integrated system of underground and
overhead piping engineering standards. The installation includes a water supply such as a gravity tank, fire
pump, reservoir or pressure tank and/or connection by underground piping to a city main. The portion of the
sprinkler system above ground is a network of specially sized or hydraulically designed piping installation in a
building, structure or area to which sprinklers are connected
• 2. Scope and Purpose. This standard is the minimum for the installation of the
sprinkler system for buildings, the character and adequacy of water supplies to
sprinkler systems. The purpose of this standard is to provide protection for life and
property from fire through installation requirements for sprinkler systems based
upon engineering principles, test data, and field experience.
3. Classification of Sprinkler Systems. Sprinkler Systems are classified into different types listed below:

(a) Wet Pipe Systems. A system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing water and
connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by a fire. This is the
type of sprinkler system commonly used and adaptable to the climate in our country.
• (b) Deluge System. A system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water supply
through which is opened by the operation of a fire detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers;
when this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto.
This is the system used in extra hazard areas like an aircraft hangar, storage tanks of combustible liquids, gases
and oils, high voltage substations transformers. Foam chemicals may be incorporated to the system to be more
effective in fighting class B fires.
4. Classification of Occupancies

(a) Light Hazard Occupancies. Occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents are low and fire
with relatively low rate of heat release are expected

(b) Ordinary Hazard Occupancies. There are three groups of ordinary hazard occupancies and these are as
follows: 

1) Ordinary Hazard (Group 1). Occupancies where combustibility is low, quantity of combustible is moderate,
stockpiles of combustibles do not exceed 2,400 mm and fire with moderate rate of heat release are expected.
Included in this group are the following having conditions similar to: Automobile parking garages, Bakeries,
Beverages manufacturing, Canneries, Dairy products manufacturing and processing, Electronic plants, Glass and
glass products manufacturing, Laundries and Restaurant service areas.
2) Ordinary Hazard (Group 2). Occupancies where quantity and combustibility of content is moderate. Stockpiles
do not exceed 3,700 mm and fire with moderate heat release is expected. Under this group are the following: Cereal
mills, Chemical plant —ordinary, Machine shops, Metal working, Cold storage warehouses, Distilleries Leather
goods manufacturing, Libraries, large stock room areas, Mercantile, Printing and publishing, Textile
manufacturing, Tobacco pro-ducts manufacturing and Wood products assembly.

3) Ordinary Hazard (Group 3). Occupancies where quantity and/or combustibility of contents is high, and fire of
high rate of release are expected. Included in this group are the following having conditions similar to: Feed mills,
Pulp and paper mills, Paper process plants, Piers and wharves, Repair garages, Tire manufacturing, Ware houses
(having moderate to higher combustibility of contents such as paper, household furniture, paint general storage,
whiskey, etc.), and Wood machining.
(c) Extra Hazard Occupancies. Occupancies where quantity and combustibility of contents is very high, and
flammable and combustible liquid, dust, lint or other materials are present introducing the probability of rapidly
developing fire with high rate of heat release. Extra hazard occupancies are classified into two groups, Group 1 and
2.

1) Extra Hazard (Group 1). Include occupancies as described above with little or no flammable or combustible
liquids: combustible hydraulic fluid used areas, Die casting, Metal extruding, Plywood and particle board
manufacturing, Printing (using inks, with below 37.8°C flash points, Rubber reclaiming, compounding, drying,
milling, vulcanizing, Saw mills, Textile picking, opening, blending, garneting, carding, combining of cotton
synthetics, wool, shoddy, or burlap, and Upholstering with plastic foams.

2) Extra Hazard (Group 2). Include occupancies with moderate to substantial amount of flammable or combustible
liquids or where shielding of combustibles is extensive: Asphalt saturating, Flammable liquids spraying, Flow
coating, Mobile home or modular building, assemblies (where finished enclosure is present and has combustible
interiors, Open oil quenching, Solvent cleaning, Varnish and paint dipping.
5. Working Plans. Working plans shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction and the office of the Mechanical Department Building
Official before any equipment is installed or remodelled. Deviations from approved plans will require permission of the authority having
jurisdiction. Working plans shall be drawn to indicated scale, on sheets of uniform size, with plan of each floor, made so that they can be easily
duplicated and shall show the following data:
a. Name of owner and occupant

b. Location, including street address

c. Point of compass

d. Ceiling construction, indicating ceiling materials, lighting layout,

air duct layout and other possible obstructions or interference with

sprinkler heads distribution layout.

e. Full height cross section

f. Location of fire walls

g. Location of partitions

h. Occupancy of each area or room

i. Location and size of blind spaces and closets

j. Any questionable small enclosures in which no sprinklers are to be installed.

k. Size of city main in street, city main test result.

I. Other sources of water supply, with pressure or elevation.

m. Make, type and nominal orifice size of sprinkler head.

n. Temperature rating and location of high temperature sprinkler head

o. Total area protected by each system on each floor

p. Number of sprinkler heads on each riser per floor

q. Make, type, model and size of alarm valve

r. Make, type, model and size of deluge valve

s. Kind and location of alarm bells

t. Total number of sprinklers on each alarm valve system

u. Approximate capacity in liters of each alarm valve system

v. Pipe type and schedule of wall thickness

w. Nominal pipe size and cutting length of pipe (or center to center dimensions) where typical branch lines prevail,
it will be necessary to size only one line.

x. Location and size of riser nipples.

y. Type of fittings and joints and location of all welds and bends.

z. Type and location of hangers and sleeves aa. All control valves ( OS&Y, outside screw and yoke) indicating
valve, check valves, drain pipes and test pipes.
• bb. Size and location of hand hose, hose outlets and related equipment.

• cc. Underground pipe size, length, location, weight, material, point of connections to city main, the type of
valves, meters and valve pits, and the depth that top of the pipe is laid below grade.

• dd. Provisions of flushing.

• ee. When the equipment is to be installed as an addition to an existing system, enough of the existing system
shall be indicated on the plans to make all conditions clear.

• if. Location of fire department connections.

• gg. Location and detail plan of fire pumping units and type of pump drive, concrete foundation, pump suction
and discharge piping, type of controllers, in the case of electric motor driven pumps, the electrical power supply
to electric motor must be connected to an automatic started emergency generator of approved capacity to handle
fire pump motor loads in case of power failure of the local power supply facilities.
• hh. Hydraulic calculation for the system must be submitted which must indicate thefollowing: Density liter per
min/sq.m. Area of application, sq.m.; Coverage per sprinkler; Number of sprinkler calculated;Total water
required, liter per mm; Total water required for hose stream, liter/mm; Name of contractor; Name of designer.

• ii. Dry standpipe layout must be shown in the plans as required by the Building Code and Philippine Fire Code
P.D. No. 1185.

• jj. In case of high-rise buildings full building height must be shown, fire walls, fire doors, large unprotected
window openings, and blind spaces, distance to, construction and occupancy of exposing buildings which may
affect the effectivity of the proposed fire protection.

• kk. Specification of the sprinkler system.

6. Approval and Acceptance Test of Sprinkler Systems. Before installation is started, all aspects of design,
installation and equipment shall conform in all respects to the rules, regulations and requirements of the
government agency concerned, the Fire Code of the Philippines under RD. 1185, the Local Building Officials who
are concerned with public safety. For insurance purposes, the PIRA(Philippine Insurance Rating Associations).
 3.4 INSTALLATION OF FIRE PUMPS
• a. Standard for the Installation of Fire Pumps. Only listed fire pumps shall be used for fire
protection service. The adequacy and dependability of the water source are of primary
importance. Fire pumps shall have the following rated capacities in LPM or larger, and are
rated at net pressure of 2.75
• b. There are two types of standard fire pump used for the protection service, the centrifugal
and the vertical turbine type, either horizontal or vertical mounted are permitted to obtain
water on positive suction head only. The vertical turbine type is practically suitable for fire
pump service when the water is located below ground where it would be difficult to install
any other type of pump below the minimum water level.
• Diesel engine drive when used to drive either centrifugal or vertical turbine fire pump shall
be specifically listed for fire pump service by the testing laboratories. Engines shall be
acceptable for horse power rating with listed controllers and standard accessories, such as
angle gear drive, governor, over speed shutdown devices, tachometer, oil pressure gage,
temperature gage, instrument panel, factory wiring, electrical starter, two (2)sets of batteries
with battery charger, engine cooling exchanger system, fuel tank, exhaust muffler and
others.
• c. Pressure Maintenance (jockey or make up) Pumps. Jockey pumps shall have rated
capacities not less than any normal leakage rate they shall have discharge pressure sufficient
to maintain the desired fire protection system pressure.
 3.5 OUTSIDE PROTECTION
• a. Hydrants. A sufficient number of hydrants shall e installed to provide hose streams for
every part of the exterior of each building not covered by standpipe protection for every part
of each building by the use of lengths of hose normally attached to the hydrants. There shall
be sufficient hydrants to concentrate the required fire flow above any important building
protected. An adequate hose houses shall be placed nearby the hydrants with standards
accessories as follows:
• 2 — Approved adjustable spray-solid stream nozzles equipped with shut-off for each size of
hose 65 mm.
• 1 — Fire Axe with brackets
• 1 — Hydrants Wrench
• 4— Coupling spanners for each sized hose provided, 65 mm
• 2 — Hose Coupling gaskets for each size of hose, 65 mm
 3.6 DRY STAND PIPE AND HOSE
SYSTEMS
• a. Standpipe systems are none of the best internal means for extinguishing fires in buildings
and structures. Even in buildings equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, standpipe is
necessary. Standpipes are required in places such as the upper storey of high buildings or
large areas, low height buildings, and in other structures where construction, size of other
features limit the use of hose streams from the exterior.
• 1. Class Service
• Class I — For use by fire department and those trained in handling heavy fi
• Class II — For use primarily by the buildings occupants until the arrival of the fire
department 38 mm hose.
• Class Ill — For use either by fire department and those trained in handling heavy hose
streams 65 mm or by the building occupants 38 mm hose. re streams 65 mm hose.
• (a) Number of Standpipe. The number of hose stations for Class I, II and Class Ill services in
each building divided by the walls shall be such that all portions of each storey of the
building are within 9 meters of a nozzle attached to not more than 30.5 meter of hose
 3.7 LOCAL FIRE CODE
REQUIREMENTS
• a. Fire Code of the Philippines, which is the Presidential Decree No. 1185, requires that the
following establishments be protected with automatic water sprinkler system.
• 1. High Rise Buildings. Structures or facilities, fifteen (15) meters or more, measure from
the grade level to the floor of the topmost storey, for every new or old building.
• 2. Places of Assembly. Stage equipped with fly galleries gridirons and rigging for movable
theatertype scenery and every enclosed platform larger than 46.5 square meters in area.
• 3. Educational Building. (a) Below the floor of exit discharg
• 4. General Storage, Boiler, oil furnace rooms, fuel storage, janitor closets, maintenance shop
including wood working and painting areas, laundries, and kitchen, (if these areas are not
separated from the other parts of building with one hour fire resistance material rating and
all openings, are not protected with self-closing door).e.
• (a) Any flexible plan or open building in which the travel distance to exits exceeding forty
six (46) meters.
• (b) Underground and windowless buildings.
• 5. Institutional Occupancies and Residential Areas. Throughout all hospitals, nursing homes,
and residential custodial care facilities including hazardous areas.
• 6. Mercantile Occupancies. Automatic sprinkler protection system shall be installed in all
mercantile occupancies as follows
• 7. Business Occupancies. All business occupancy buildings over 15 meters high shall be
provided throughout w
• 8. Industrial Occupancies. Every high hazard occupancy shall have automatic protection or
such other protection as maybe appropriate to the particular hazard.
• 9. Pier and Water Surrounded Structure. Pier aeck must be provided with automatic fire
suppression system protection for combustible structure and for super structure, if any.
• 10. Cellulose Nitrate Plastics (Pyroxylin). All new and existing building used for the
manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate plastic (pyroxylin) in quantities
exceeding 45 kg
• 11. High Piled Combustible Stock. Required in each building used for high piled
combustible stock when the area exceeds 2/3 of the sum of the basic floor area.
• 12. Dip Tanks. Dip tanks of over 570 liters capacity of 0.93 sq.m. liquid surface area shall be
protected with an approved automatic fire extinguishing system.
 3.8 PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
• a. Portable Fire Extinguishers. Portable extinguishers are appliances to be used by the
occupants of a building or area, primarily for immediate use on small fires. Even in
buildings equipped with automatic sprinkler system, portable fire extinguishers are
necessary.
 B. THE BASIC TYPES OF FIRE ARE
AS FOLLOWS:
• 1. Class A Fires. Are fires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper,
rubber and many plastics.
• Class B Fires
• Fire in flamable liquid, gases and greases
• Class C Fires. Are fires which involve energized electrical equipment where electrical
nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance.
• 4. Class 0 Fires. Are fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium,
sodium and potassium.
• 5. Extinguisher Location and Mounting. Fire extinguisher should be installed in plain view,
in an accessible spot, near room exits, which provide an escape route. Extinguishers must be
located away from fire hazards, must be installed so that the top is not more than 1,500 mm
above the floor. They must be easy to reach and remove, and placed where they will not be
damaged.
 SECTION 4.0 OUTDOOR
GENERAL STORAGE

4.1 Purpose Requirements contained herein are for the proper handling and safeguarding of storage of types of commodities of
moderate combustible hazard. Standards for the storage of noncombustible commodities and those of extra combustible
hazard are excluded, as well as storage covered by specific standards.
• a. Because of the diversity of the materials handled, no fixed requirements can be provided
to cover all conditions. However, principles set forth herein will provide a basis for proper
protection of commodities in storage in the open.
• 4.2 Definitions

• Extra Combustible — Materials which, either by themselves or in

combination with their packaging, are highly susceptible to ignition
and will contribute to the intensity and rapid spread of fire.
• Moderate Combustible — Materials or their packaging, either of which will contribute fuel
to fire.
• Non-combustible — Materials and their packaging which will neither ignite nor support
combustion.
• 4.3 Outdoor Storage. Outdoor storage is recognized as standard practice for certain
commodities which, by reason of their bulk, cannot be ordinarily placed in storage buildings.
• Outdoor storage may be preferable to storage in combustible buildings lacking fire
protection, in the case of materials not subject to undue damage or deterioration from
exposure to the weather and not particularly susceptible to ignition by sparks or flying
brands.
• Where materials, which normally would be stored in buildings are stored outdoors in
temporary emergencies, it is required special precaution be taken for their safeguard and that
they be moved to a storage warehouse as soon as possible.
 4.4 SITE A. IN SELECTING A SITE FOR OUTDOOR STORAGE, PREFERENCE
SHALL BE
GIVEN TO LOCATION HAVING:

• 1. Adequate municipal fire and police protection.

• 2. Adequate public water systems with hydrants suitably located for
protection of the storage.
• 3. Adequate all-weather roads for fire department apparatus response.
• 4. Sufficient clear space for buildings of combustible construction or from other combustible
storage which might constitute an exposure hazard.
• 5. Absence of flood hazard.
• 6. Adequate clearance space between storage piles and any highways and railroads.
• 4.5 Material Piling.
• Materials shall be stored in unit piles as low in height and small area as in consistent with
good practice for the material stored. The maximum height will be determined by the base of
pile and type of packaging, stability of the material and limit of the effective reach of hose
streams.
• 4.6 Fences.
• The entire property shall be surrounded in the fence or other suitable means to prevent
access of any unauthorized persons.
• 4.7 Buildings.
• Buildings in outside yards shall be located with as much clear space to open yard storage as
is practicable but shall be not less than 4,500 mm from open yard piling unless buildings
have blank exterior masonry walls. Buildings of wood frame construction or containing
hazardous operations shall be at least 15.2 m from the nearest storage pile; and explosion
vents, blower outlets, etc., not be directed toward the yard storage.
• 4.8 Yard Maintenance and Operations. The entire storage site shall be kept free from
accumulation of unnecessary combustible materials. Woods and grass shall be kept down
and regular procedure provided for the periodic clean-up of the entire area.
• 4.9 Storage and Use of Motor Vehicles Using Gasoline or Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Fuel.
Vehicles should be garaged in a separate detached building. Storage and handling of fuel
shall conform to approved standards of Flammable and Combustible liquids and approved
standards for the storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases. Repair operations
shall be conducted outside the yard unless separate masonry walled building is provided. If
vehicles are to be greased, repaired, painted or otherwise serviced, such work shall be
conducted in conformance with standards as approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
• 4.10 Fire Protection. Provisions shall be made by some suitable means for promptly
notifying the public fire department or private fire brigade in case of fire or other emergency.
• 4.11 Watch Service. Standard watch service shall be provided and continuously throughout
the yard and storage area at all times while the yard is otherwise unoccupied. It is required
that there be some suitable means of supervising the watchman’s activities to be sure that he
makes his required rounds at regular intervals.
 SECTION 5.0 ANTI-POLLUTION FOR STANDARDS
FOR INDOOR AND OUTDOOR GENERAL
STORAGE
• 5.1 Odor-producing material should be stored in closed storage
rooms/warehouses and the ventilation system of the same should be
provided with appropriate odor control facilities to preclude odor
nuisance in the immediate vicinity
• 5.2 Open yard storage of materials that result in wind-borne dust problems should be
provided with or water sprinkler systems.