Basic Hydraulics

Chapter 2

Hydraulic Terms

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Aerated Hydraulic Fluid (Slide 2-1)

Nozzle

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Aeration of Hydraulic Cylinder
(Slide 2-2)

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Aeration Decreases Brake Efficiency (Slide 2-3)

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Gear Pump Cavitation (Slide 2-4)

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Liquids Resist Compression (Slide 2-5)

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Hydraulic Cylinder Leakage (Slide 2-6)

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Measuring Cylinder Drift (Slide 2-7)

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Hydraulic Balance of Spool Valve
(Slide 2-8)

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An Orifice is a Restriction in the Line (Slide 2-9)

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Slippage in Transmission Clutch Pack (Slide 2-10)

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Pumps Do Not Suck Up Oil (Slide 2-11)

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Pressure and Back-Pressure (Slide 2-12)

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Pressure Pulsation (Slide 2-13)

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A Momentary Rise of Pressure
(Slide 2-14)

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Measuring the Flow (Slide 2-15)

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Check the Flow Rate With a Flow Meter (Slide 2-16)

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Testing a Pump With a Flow Meter (Slide 2-17)

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The Force of Flow Can Move a Valve (Slide 2-18)

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Turbulent and Normal Flow (Slide 2-19)

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Using Cycle Times to Test Flow Rate (Slide 2-20)

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A Simple Hydraulic Circuit (Slide 2-21)

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Cutaway Type Circuit Diagram
(Slide 2-22)

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Graphic Diagram
Type Circuit Diagram

(Slide 2-23)

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Closed (closed loop) Circuit (Slide 2-24)

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An Open Circuit (Slide 2-25)

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The Lines of a Hydraulic System
(Slide 2-26)

Hydraulic
System

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Reservoir or Sump (Slide 2-27)

Reservoir

Reservoir
Stores fluid, dissipates
heat, and separates air
and contaminants.

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Reservoir (Slide 2-28)

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A Pump Creates Flow (Slide 2-29)

Reservoir

Pump
Creates flow. Pump

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External Gear Pump (Slide 2-30)

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Internal Gear Pump (Slide 2-31)

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Vane Pump (Slide 2-32)

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Variable Delivery Pump (Slide 2-33)

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Control Valve (Slide 2-34)
Reservoir

Control Valve
Directs fluid flow to circuits. Pump

Control Valve
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Directional Control Valve (Slide 2-35)

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Spool With Annular Grooves (Slide 2-36)

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Spool Valve With Notches (Slide 2-37)

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Spool Held by a Detent (Slide 2-38)

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Noise as Oil is Relieved (Slide 2-39)

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Chattering (Slide 2-40)

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Completed Hydraulic Circle (Slide 2-41)
Reservoir

Cylinder

Cylinder Converts fluid flow into

mechanical force and Pump
motion

Control Valve
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Cylinder Head and Bottom (Slide 2-42)

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Vane Type Motor (Slide 2-43)

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END CHAPTER 2

Komatsu General Basic

Chapter 1 – Fundamentals
of Hydraulics
Subject
Chapter 2 – Hydraulic Ter Basic Hydraulics
ms
Chapter 3 – Hydraulic Fluid
s
Chapter 4 – Hydraulic Sym
bols
Chapter 5 – Hydraulic Syst
em Components

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