Hospital and Equipment Planning

Session Objectives

• Discusses about Hospital planning

• Discusses about principles of hospital planning

• To know about the different stages in hospital planning

• Discuss about Equipment planning

• To know the space requirement in hospital planning

 Session Outcomes

At the end of this session, participants will be able to

• Describe the need for hospital planning and its different stage and their role in
hospital
• Explain the principals in hospital planning
• Describe the need for hospital planning
 Agenda

•Hospital planning
•Principles in hospital planning
•Equipment planning
•Space requirements for different departments in hospital
•Different stages of hospital planning
There are two methods to estimate the need for
hospital in a population:

 Analytical method : Taking feedback and

analysis of data collected through survey e.g.
distributing questionnaire.

 Estimation method
Planning (also called forethought/forecasting) is the
process of thinking about and organizing the activities
required to achieve a desired goal.
 1.What we expect to do?
2.Why it will be done ?
3.Where will it be done ?
4.When we expect to do it?
5.Who all are going to do it ?
6.How will it be done ?

Excellent firms don’t believe in excellence – only in constant

improvement and constant change – Tom Peters
Community interest over individual interest

Preventive services over curative services

Services catering to the weaker sections of the

community

Rural over Urban

Regionalized Planning
 Geographic Data
 Morbidity & Mortality Status
 Need & Demand
 Details of existing Facilities
 Financial Feasibility
Demographic Details
Population Strength
Sex & Age Ration
Social Status
Educational level
Must meet the needs of the patient it is going to
serve adequately.

It must be in a size and proportions which the

owners or promoters will be able to build and
operate
Sound architectural plan
Economic viability
Effective community orientation
Quality patient care
Protection from unwanted and unnecessary disturbances in order to help
speedy recovery
Separation of dissimilar activities
Control – the nurses station should be positioned strategically to enable proper
monitoring of visitors entering and leaving the ward, infants and children
should be protected from theft and infection etc.
Circulation- all the departments of a hospital must be properly integrated.
(“separate all departments, yet keep them all together; separate types of traffic, yet
save steps for everybody; that is all there is to hospital planning “– Emerson Goble)
Needs of the community
Ease of accessibility
Range of services offered
Availability of specialists
Availability of technology
Study of existing hospital(if any)
Requirements of staff and services
Bed: Population = A x S x 100
365 x PO

A= number of inpatient
admissions/1000 population/year
S= average length of stay
PO= percentage occupancy
 Planning of finances

Funds required for constructing, furnishing and equipping the

hospital.

Operating funds- salaries, loans and interest, other

maintenance expenses.

Arranging financial assistance-patient fees, bed charges, and

other modes of revenue generation process.
 Project team
Assessment of functional content
Submission of
Stage A
owners( Govt,private organization
Functional content:
etc.)for approval
Outline brief:
Site appraisal, gross floor areas
Building space. Draft master plan
Estimation of cost and phasing
Appraisal of work by owners

Operational policies
Departmental and inter related
activities
Stage B
Departmental and hospital policies
Operational policies:
Development control plan
Developmental plan:
Budget cost
Continuous informal discussion
with owners
 Schedules of accommodation
Sketch drawing
Stage C
Equipment schedules component
Schedules of accommodation,
estimates
sketches,
Cost revenue and staffing
Final cost estimate:
estimates
Final cost approval

Stage D Working drawings

Detail design working drawings, Engineering details
tender action: Bills of quantities
Calling tenders

Assessments of tenders
Stage E
Award of contract
Contract and construction:
Construction
Engineering commissioning

Stage F Staff assembly and training

Commissioning: Equipment and supplies assembly
Testing of installation
 Equipment planning

These include counters and cabinets in laboratory,

Pharmacy and other parts of the hospital , elevators ,
incinerators , coolers , fixed sterilizing equipment etc. These
Built in equipment
are usually included in the construction contract and the
planning of these equipments is the architect's
responsibility.

This includes equipment that has a life of five years or

more and is not purchased through construction contracts.
These are large pieces of furniture which have a relatively
Depreciable equipment
fixed location and are capable of being moved e.g.,
diagnostic and therapeutic equipment, laboratory
instruments, office furniture etc.
 These are small items with a low unit cost and life span of
less than five years. These are generally under the control of
Non depreciable
the store room and are bought through other than
equipment
construction contracts. They include kitchen
utencils,surgical instruments,linen,waste baskets etc.
 Operation program
Admission Human resource
Administration Stores
General engineering Purchasing
Laundry Maintenance
Clinical services Waste disposal plant

Pharmacy Fire and safety

Nursing services Disaster plan
House keeping information
Records Dietary services
Public relations Clinical engineering
Employee facilities Sanitation
 Intensive critical care unit (ICCU)

Should preferably be located on the ground floor with convenient access from the
operation theatre suit and emergency department and easy accessibility for wards.
It consists patient area, staff area, support area.
Four basic requirements-
Direct observation of the patient by nursing and medical staff
Surveillance of physiological monitoring
Provision and efficient use of routine and emergency diagnostic procedures
and interventions.
Recording and maintenance of patient information
 Design and Layout of ICCU

Design should take into consideration the

integration and smooth functioning of three
areas

1. The Patient Area

2. The Staff Area
3. The Support Area

Total area ranges from 350 to 500 sq. feet per

bed which includes
1. Circulation Area
2. Nursing Station
3. Sanitary and Ancillary
Accommodation
Area Sq .ft / bed
Nursing unit 250-280
Nursery 12-18
Delivery suite 15-20
Operation theatre 30-50
Physical medicine 12-18
Radiology 25-35
Laboratory 25-35
Pharmacy 4-6
CSSD 8-25
Dietary 25-35
Medical record 8-15
Area Sq .ft / bed
House keeping 4-5
Laundry 12-18
Mechanical installation 50-75
Maintenance work shop 4-6

Stores 25-35
Public areas 8-10
Staff facilities 10-15
Administration 40-50
Total 567-751
Circulation 115-751
Total net area 682-891
Hospital administrators and staff have an ongoing concern with controlling

unwanted noise in their facilities. 

Patient comfort, employee satisfaction and environmental concerns are always

at the forefront in the continuous design and maintenance of a wide array of

systems that keep a medical facility running efficiently.  

Quantity
Price
Source
Quality
Technology requirement must be met
Clinical needs must be considered
Safety is a major factor
Standards and Guidelines are essential
Importance of the role of Hospital Staff
in construction and design.
A hospital is a living organism, made up of many different parts ,

having different functions, but all theses must be in due proportion

and relation to each other and to the environment to produce the

desired result - Dr S Billings

 Test your understanding

1. What is hospital planning?

2. What is the equipment planning?

3. Principles followed in hospital planning

4. Differentiate stages of hospital planning

 References
1. R.C. Goyal, Hospital Administration and Human Resource
Management, PHI, 4th Edition, 2006.
2. G.D. Kunders, Hospitals – Facilities Planning and Management, TMH,
New Delhi, 5th Reprint, 2007.
3. Yasar A. Ozcan, Quantitative Methods in Healthcare management,
Jossey Bass- John Wiley and Sons, 2009.