Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mr.Sandeep Pokhrel
CELL LINES
TYPES
PRIMARY
DIPLOID
CONTINUOUS
TISSUE
ORGAN
Primary
▫ Animal/ human
▫ subculture once or twice
▫ Multiplication of cell ceases on contact: contact inhibition
▫ Slow met activity
▫ Less acid production
▫ Maintained for long
▫ Examples
Rhesus monkey kidney cell culture
Human amnion cell culture
Chick embryo fibroblast cell culture
Disadvantages of primary cell lines
Fresh tissue sample may be difficult to obtain/require special
care in preparation
Costly
Semi continuous(Cell Strain)
– 20-50 passages
– Fetal/ newborn
– Cultures may be preserved in frozen states
– Examples
• WI-38 (human embryonic lung cell strain)
• HL-8 (Rhesus embryo cell strain)
• MRC-5 (Medical Research centre,UK)
Disadvantages of semi contineous
▫ Examples
HeLa (Human CA cervix cell line)
HEp2 (Human epithelioma of larynx cell line)
Vero (Vervet monkey kidney cell line)
Disadvantages of continuous
• Adherence of tissue
– Plasma drop clotting
– Warming plate
• Several cell types available for virus multiplication
Organ culture
• 3 D structure preserved
• Osmolality
– 280-330 mosm
– Osmometer
Serum
▫ Fetal/ newborn calf: good for fastidious cells
▫ 5-10% growth
▫ 0-2% maintenance
▫ Store at -70°C
▫ Synthetic serum free media
Gentamicin:
16-50
microgm/ml
microgm/ml
ANTIBIOTICS
50 U
Tetracyc
microg
EQUIPMENTS
• BSL
– II
– III: for select viruses
• Microscope
– Inverted
– Fluoroscent
• Incubators
– 35-37°C
– 33°C
– Humidified with 5% CO2
Media
▫ Short term survival of cells during transport
▫ Long time survival
▫ Rapid cell proliferation
VTM
Growth media
Maintenance media
• REAGENTS
▫ TPVG
▫ BSA
• Buffers
▫ HEPES
▫
Surface used
• In 16*125 mm glass or
plastic round bottom screw
capped tubes
• Leighten’s tube
– Flat bottomed
– 24-96
– 6-24 wells may contain cells
– Can put entire plate on
microscope stage
– 35-37°C
– Air- Hank’s medium
– CO2 – Earles’ medium
ROTATING/ROLLING RACKS (5-
STATIONARY SLANTED 12 times/hr)
RACK ROLLER DRUM METHOD
– Exam daily for 1st week & alt day for remaining period of
incubation
– CPE
– Haemadsorption test
• Influenza
• Parainfluenza
• Mumps
• Other methods of detection
– Cellular degeneration
– Plaque formation
– Metabolic inhibition
– Haemadsorption
– Interference
– Transformation
– Immunofluorescence
Confirmation
– MAb tagging:
– FITC labelled
– Testing by IF
– Confluent/ speckled
– Nuclear/cytoplasmic
• Neutralization test
• Virus + specific Ab
• Aliquot applied to fresh cell culture
POS: VIRUS
ABSENT
• Look for CPE
NEG: VIRUS
• Cumbersome PRESENT
• Time consuming
• Viral titres required
Advantages of culture methods
▫ Susceptibility testing
▫ Serotyping
▫ Epidemiologic studies
▫ High sensitivity
▫ Therapeutic considerations
Advantages of embryonated eggs
• Absence of antibodies
• White leghorn eggs are more suitable than dark shelled egg.
• Should not be kept longer than 8-10 days at temp. b/w 5-150c
INCUBATION OF FERTILE EGG:
Incubator:
To be equipped with forced air circulation
• Humidity 40-70 %.,
• Temp. 37.5 – 38o C but can be 39o C.
Rotation of eggs.
• In automatic incubator eggs are rotated every 4-hours of interval in
clockwise.
• Manually 2-4 times a day but not less than 2 times.
Rotation of egg is
• To prevent the adhesion of embryonic membrane.
• To keep the embryo more or less centralized.
CANDLING OF EMBRYONATED EGG:
• On 4-5 days of incubation Eggs are candled.
To examine whether
Embryo is alive or Dead
Inoculating tray
Tuberculin syringe
23,24,26,gauge needles
Tincture of iodine
sprit
Pencil marker
Cellotape/paraffin wax
Dental driller
candled box
sterile PBS
Rubber teat
Material required for harvesting of virus from embryonated egg
--
Dissecting tray
Syringe
Pasture pipette
Sterile vial
Ice box
Disinfectant
Chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)
• Used for isolation &propagation of those virus which produce pocks on
the CAM.
• Example
-Vaccinia
-Variola
-Herpex simplex
-Fowlpox
-Monkeypox
-Herpes simae(Bvirus)
.For chemotherapy trail
For viral morphological study
For production of vaccine
For antibody assay
• Embryo should be 9-14 days old , most suitable is 12days
• Place of in oculation will be located area of well-developed CAM but free of
blood vessels
• This place usually is located in the center of the whole CAM
• Amount of inoculum 0.1-0.2ml
• After inoculation rotate the egg for uniform distribution.
• Seal the hole and incubate the eggs at35 0cfor 48-72hr
Making of false air sac
Technique
Fig-3 Fig-4
Fig-1-drilling of shell
Fig-2-opening of the predrilled shell flap fixed with adhesive tape
Fig-3-pushing away of the shell member from the underlying CAM above embryo
Fig-4 penetration by the needle into the amniotic sac by folding technique
Blind Method
• After inoculation the puncture area and hole
sealed with a paraffin-Vaseline mixture or colloid
ion or cello tape.
- Cultivation of Rickettsiae
- Chlamydia
- Rabies virus
-
Technique
• Embryo 5-6daysold
• Inoculum 0.1-1.0ml
• Needle 4.5cm,23gauge
• After inoculation,the hole in the shell is closed by paraffin –Vaseline mixture.
• Eggs are incubated at temp 32-37oc depending on virus inoculated
• Route of inoculation
• Age of embryo
• Amount of virus
Dissect brain