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5-Maximum Shear Stress Theory-Derivation
5-Maximum Shear Stress Theory-Derivation
1
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS
THEORY
A THEORY OF FAILURE
APPLICABLE TO DUCTILE
MATERIALS
2
STATEMENT OF THE THEORY
• When Yielding occurs in any material
• The maximum shear stress at the point
of failure
• Equals or exceeds
• The maximum shear stress when
yielding occurs
• In the tension test specimen.
3
STATEMENT OF THE THEORY
• The theory applies to ductile materials only
• Because it is based on yielding.
4
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
(TRIAXIAL) STRESS SITUATION.
• In the three-dimensional stress situation,
• State of stress at a particular location is
fully defined by three principal stresses
1, 2 , 3
5
THREE DIMENSIONAL STRESS
y
yx
yz xy
zy
x
x
zx xz
z
6
TRI-AXIAL STRESS SITUATION
1
3
2
7
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS AT A
LOCATION OF THE ELEMENT
• The extreme values of shear stresses , in
each of the three principal planes are then
given by the expressions:
1 2 1 3 2 3
12 , 13 , 23
2 2 2
8
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS AT A
LOCATION OF THE ELEMENT
• Expressing the principal stresses in the
order of magnitude and sign
1 2 3
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MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS AT A
LOCATION OF THE ELEMENT
• Then the maximum shear stress is given
by
1 3
13
2
10
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS AT A
LOCATION OF THE ELEMENT
• THE CASE OF SIMPLE TENSION TEST
WHEN YIELDING OCCURS
• The principal stresses are
1 S y , 2 0, 3 0
11
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS AT A
LOCATION OF THE ELEMENT
• THE CASE OF SIMPLE TENSION TEST
WHEN YIELDING OCCURS
• The maximum shear stress then becomes
1 3 S y 0 S y
13 max
2 2 2
12
THREE DIMENSIONAL STRESS
WHEN YIELDING OCCURS
• The maximum shear stress theory of
failure states:
• When Yielding occurs in any material
• The maximum shear stress at the point
of failure
• Equals or exceeds
• The maximum shear stress when
yielding occurs
• In the tension test specimen.
13
THREE DIMENSIONAL STRESS
WHEN YIELDING OCCURS
• Maximum shear stress is then compared
with the case of simple tension to obtain
1 3 S y
max
2 2
14
THREE DIMENSIONAL STRESS
WHEN YIELDING OCCURS
• The equation in slide 11 implies that when
yielding occurs in simple tension
• Maximum shear stress equals Shear
yield strength of the material
• Maximum shear stress equals half the
tensile yield strength
Sy
S sy
2
15
DESIGN EQUATION: MAXIMUM
SHEAR STRESS THEORY
• This is derived by adjusting the shear yield
strength of the material with an
appropriate factor of safety
• The design equation then becomes:
1 3 S sy Sy
max
2 f .s. 2 * f .s.
16
DESIGN EQUATION: MAXIMUM
SHEAR STRESS THEORY
• For plane stress situation, when principal
stresses are of OPPOSITE sign
• The maximum shear stress can be
expressed in terms of the plane stress
elements, as shown below
2
x y 2 S sy Sy
max xy
2 f .s. 2 * f .s.
17
DESIGN EQUATION: MAXIMUM
SHEAR STRESS THEORY
• Design equation in slide 13 employs principal
stresses to determine maximum shear stress at
the location
• Design equation in slide 14 employs plane
stress elements to determine maximum shear
stress on the plane
• When principal stresses in the plane are of
opposite sign, maximum shear stress at the
location is in the plane
• When Principal stresses in the plane are of
same sign, maximum shear stress at the
location is not in the plane
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APPLICATION OF THE DESIGN
EQUATION
• The principal stresses are first determined
by stress analysis.
• Such analysis describes the principal
stresses as a function of the load carried,
and the geometry and dimensions of the
machine or structural element.
1 2 3
19
APPLICATION OF THE DESIGN
EQUATION
• The maximum shear stress in the design
equation is expressed in terms of the load and
dimensions of the machine or structural
element
• Right hand side of design equation is the
design, or allowable shear stress, a function of
the tensile yield strength of the material.
• The tensile yield strength of the material is
used because it is more easily determined from
laboratory experiments than shear strength.
20
APPLICATION OF THE DESIGN
EQUATION
• The factor of safety is simply a number chosen by the
designer.
• The factor of safety together with the tensile yield
strength of the material, gives the working[1] (design,
allowable) stress expected in the machine part.
• The solution to the design equation then gives the
minimum dimensions required to avoid failure of the
element by yielding.
•
[1] Working Stress, page 527,Handbook, Metals
Engineering –Design, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME)
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