AQIB NAJEEB 205-FET-BSCE-F-18

THEORIES OF FAILURE

➢ To predict elastic failure under any condition from

the behavior of material from the behavior of
material in a sample test
➢ Different theories for different material and
parameter that are consider
➢ The “theory” behind the various failure theories is
that whatever is responsible for failure in the
standard tensile test will also be responsible for
failure under all other conditions of static.

TYPES

1. Maximum principle stress theory or

Maximum normal stress theory
2. Maximum shear stress theory
3. Maximum distortion energy theory or Mises
yield theory
4. Maximum strain theory

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 MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE STRESS THEORY

• Maximum principle stress=yield stress

• Rankine
• Brittle material
• Based on limiting normal stress
• The “theory” behind the various failure theories is that whatever
is responsible for failure in the standard tensile test will also be
responsible for failure under all other conditions of static

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 MAXIMUN SHEAR STRESS THEORY

• Failure occur when the maximum shear stress in complex

system is equal to the value of maximum shear stress in simple
tension
• TESRA, GUEST, COULOMB
• Ductile material
• Based on concept of limiting shear stress
• The maximum shear stress criterion, also known as Tresca's or
Guest's criterion, is often used to predict the yielding of ductile
materials.
• Yield in ductile materials is usually caused by the slippage of
crystal planes along the maximum shear stress surface.
Therefore, a given point in the body is considered safe as long
as the maximum shear stress at that point is under the yield
shear stress sy obtained from a uniaxial tensile test.
• With respect to 2D stress, the maximum shear stress is related to
the difference in the two principal stresses (see Mohr's Circle).
Therefore, the criterion requires the principal stress difference,
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 along with the principal stresses themselves, to be less than the
yield shear stress

In tension specimen

• The diameter of Mohr circle=Sy

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GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
The boundary of the governing equation is inclined parallel line
Material will reach to its elastic limit when point (σ1, σ2) falls
outside of the hexagonal region

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 MAXIMUM DISTORATION THEROY OR
MISES YIELD THEORY

• When in shear strain the accrual case exceed shear strain

energy in simple tension test at the time of failure of material
fails
• The von Mises Criterion (1913), also known as the
maximum distortion energy criterion, octahedral shear
stress theory, or Maxwell-Huber-Hencky-von Mises theory,
is often used to estimate the yield of ductile materials.
• The von Mises criterion states that failure occurs when the
energy of distortion reaches the same energy for
yield/failure in uniaxial tension. Mathematically, this is
expressed as,

• In the cases of plane stress, 3 = 0. The von Mises

criterion reduces to

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COMPARIASON:

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 MAXIMUM STRAIN ENERGY THEORY

• When the total strain energy in actual case exceeds the total
strain energy in simple tension test at the time of failure, the
material fails
• Good foe ductile material

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 SUMMRY

➢ Of these several theories of failure, experimental work

shows best agreement with the Mises yield theory
when applied to ductile materials. For such materials
with maximum shear theory also give good agreement.
For rupture in brittle materials, such as cast iron, the
maximum stress is generally preferred

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