 THAN SOKLANG

 SOY KIMLEANG
 CHHOY SREYTE
 LENG HOKSENG
01 04
Ellipsis meaning Examples

05 Summary
02 Types of Ellipsis and examples
Linguistic context Ellipsis
Social context Ellipsis
Situational Ellipsis

03
Substitution meaning
Ellipsis

Ellipsis is one of the processes a sentence passes

through to give us a minor sentence. It refers to the
process of omitting or deleting an item or items from a
clause or a sentence.
Types of Ellipsis

There are quite some types of ellipsis, but let us consider

three types, these are :
oLinguistic context Ellipsis
oSocial context Ellipsis
oSituational Ellipsis
 Linguistic context Ellipsis

This depends very much on the linguistic context; that is, the deletions
are shown by what went before which you are not interested in
repeating.
EX1: He plans to run for the second term in office and as things are, he will. (“
run for the second term in office ” is deleted )

EX2: We have come this far to recover the personal effects of Mr. Johnson and
we must make sure we do. (“ recover the personal effects of Mr. Johnson ” is
deleted )
 Social context Ellipsis

• This is the ellipsis that depends on the social context, for

instance the speaker’s convenience.
 Examples:
EX: Angry with me? ( the speaker deletes “ Are you ” _ Are you angry with me? ).

EX: Coming tonight? ( The speaker deletes “ Are you ” _ Are you coming tonight? ).

EX: Got something to eat? ( The speaker deletes “ Have you ” _ Have you got something to
eat? ).

EX: Have anything doing tonight? ( The speaker deletes “ Do you ” _ Do you have anything
doing tonight? ).

EX: Care for some? ( The speaker deletes “ Do you ” _ Do you care for some? ).

EX: Mind tagging along? ( The speaker deletes “ Would you/ Do you ” _ Would you mind
tagging along? ).
Situational Ellipsis

Let us consider instances where we make use of Situational Ellipsis.

• Subject pronouns
• Subject and Auxiliary verbs
• Auxiliary verbs
• Article
• Fixed Expression
• Subject pronouns

Situational ellipsis often means we do not need to use the subject

pronoun /,especially at the beginning of a clause.

1.(I) wonder where Daisy is these days.

2.Great! (I) Hope you had a trip?
• Subject and Auxiliary Verbs

In informal conversation, we can leave out both a subject pronoun such

as I or you and an accompanying auxiliary verb at the beginning of a
clause when the meaning is obvious. This is most common in question.

1. (Have you) Finished with the novel?

2. (I’ve) Lost my slippers again. Have you
seen them?
3. Ly: (Do you) want some biscuits?
Ann: Is there any?
Ly: Yeah. (I’ve) just bought some.
 • Auxiliary verb
In question in informal conversation, with the second person pronoun you, we can
leave out the auxiliary verb only:

1. (Have) you finished your assignment yet?

2. (Are) you going to the stadium on Saturday?

We can also do the same in informal conversation in question with third person
noun subjects:

1. (Is) Janet coming tonight?

2. (Has) Clara bought a new bag yet? She said she
was going to?
 NOTE

We do not normally do this with the first person

pronoun /:

Am I making too much noise?

NOT: I making too much noise?
 • Articles

In informal conversation, we can sometimes omit article (a/an, the) when they
are obvious from the context and when we use them at the beginning of a
sentence:

1. (The) Cat want to go out. Can you open the door for it?
2. A: what are you looking for?
B: (A) pencil. Can you see one anywhere?
3. (The) Postman has just been here. There’s a parcel for you.
 • Fixed Expressions

We often leave out the first word of a fixed expression in informal conversation
because we know the listener will understand the expression:

1. I’d love to go with you. (The) Trouble is, I’ve got to work on
Saturday this week.
2. I can’t read that. I’m (as) blind as a bat without my glasses.
 Substitution
Substitution is when a word, phrase, or clause in a sentence is replaced
by a different word or phrase (e.g. one, do, that) in order to avoid repeating
the previously used word.

1. My husband wants to go to Spain but I don’t like there.

2. He found out he had failed the exam. This upsets him a lot.

3. All the cakes look nice but can I take the one with the icing on top, please?
 Yes and No
\
We often use the words yes and no instead of long sequences of other words.
A: Do you know what you want to watch on TV tonight?
B: Yes (= I know what I want to watch on TV tonight)

Here and There

We use words such as here and there in English grammar to replace details
about place. In other words, to replace adverbials of place:

EX1: John asked me to go for dinner at Toni’s Italian, but I didn’t want to go
there as it so busy at the weekend.
EX2: I’m so glad I moved to Australia. I hope you’ll visit me here one day.
 Then and At That Time
In order to replace details about time (adverbials of time), we use words such as
then and at that time
EX1: He suggested we go at 5pm but I did not want to go then.
EX2: I prefer going abroad at Christmas time and my friends like to go at that
time of year as well.

One, Ones, and The same

These are often called nominal substitutions as they are replacing nouns in a
sentence:
EX1: We’ve finished this crossword puzzle. Do you want to start another one?
EX2: Don’t buy those shoes – I think you can find some better ones.
EX3: He wants the beef burger with cheese, and I think I’ll have the same.
 Do
This is often referred to as a verbal substitution as it is an auxiliary verb used to
replace verbs or verb phrases:
EX1: I’m sure you’ll get home before I do.
EX2: He’s been exercising every day. You should do too.

So or Not
These are words are commonly used to replace clauses, and they are therefore
clausal substitution.
A : Do you think John will pass his driving test first time?
B : No, I don’t think so
OR
B : I think not
 This and That

We use this and that in order to refer to longer pieces of text that can’t usually
be related to a specific part of the sentence as in the examples above.

EX1: There is inflation and rising unemployment in the country. This/ That is
going to cause problems for the government in the elections.
EX2: She didn’t even bother to thank me, and that’s why I won’t help her again.
 Summary

Ellipsis and Substitution are quite similar in some ways as they both
afford interlocutors the opportunity of reducing what they are
saying. While ellipsis is simply leaving something out that is usually
obvious, substitution has to do with using words such as do and so
and not instead of a clause.

• Interlocutors: someone who is involved in a conversation.

 Examples:
Ellipsis
A. He could come with us to Lagos.
B. Yes, he could (come with us to Lagos).
A. Will you have another bottle of coke?
B. I’d better not (have another bottle of coke). I’m supposed to be on a diet.

Substitution
The Manager threatened to sack the Secretary, and he finally did so six months
later. (did so = sacked the Secretary)
A. Is Maggie coming too?
B. I hope not. There’s only enough food for three. (not – Maggie isn’t coming)
 References

www.grammarwiz.com/substitution-in-english-grammar.html?fbclid=IwAR0Vz2ZLXrKH4EnzLwfnKbpMp4V2XFB
GpN4ndw4rZ13MPZBbEXXc7vI0VOM

https://akademia.com.ng/ellipsis-in-english/?fbclid=IwAR0ekHqxfm3vqL6NiZmX4swSWcjB7I0E8EkNst5E7a-LiN
eIw9gcI8nKOYU#:~:text=There%20are%20quite%20some%20types,Context%20Ellipsis%20and%20Situational%
20Ellipsis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvBuEWIwHbI&t=6s