Chili-Module 1-Growth of Chili (Insect)

Module I: About Chili Pepper
Lesson 2: Growth of Chili Pepper plant

At the end of this lesson, you have learned to answer:
1. How chili pepper is a better crop than other vegetable

crops like tomato, watermelon, etc.?
2. What chili pepper types are cultivated?
3. How many days chili pepper seed takes to germinate?
4. Describe the root system in chili pepper?
5. Which type of roots provide anchorage to the chili
pepper plant?
6. Describe the shoot system in chili pepper?
7. What is boot stage and how can you identify this stage in
chili pepper?
At the end of this lesson, you have learned to answer
8. In how many days after germination the flowering

initiation starts?
9. How can you identify flowering in chili pepper?
10. What is physiological maturity in chili pepper?
11. How can you identify physiological maturity in chili
pepper?
12. In how many days chili pepper plant matures?
13. What is the optimum stage to harvest chili pepper?
Chili pepper is a member of the nightshade

family and originally a wild plant in
southwestern Ecuador.
The evolution of chili pepper under the

pressures of cold and low temperatures
imparted the ability to tolerate cold, soil
toxicities, and freezing temperature more
effectively to cultivated chili pepper plants
than other vegetables.
Wild Chili pepper
Varieties of chili pepper are classified into 5 groups:
• Ethnic Hot peppers
• Chili pepper
• Ethnic Sweet peppers

• Ornamental and Bedding peppers
• Sweet Bell peppers.
Spice chili peppers are grown for

the vegetable - long, fleshy skin
used as human food or spices and
condiment.
Spice chili pepper

Sweet peppers have sweet juicy flesh

and are grown for making pepper
sauces. Sweet peppers can also be
used for salads or for making pickles.
Sweet Pepper
Germination
At optimum temperature77 t0 86oF (25 to 300 C)
and moisture, the chili pepper seed germinates
in 4 to 6 days.
When chili pepper seed is sown in moist soil, the

seed swells due to moisture absorption.
The seed coat breaks a small shoot (coleoptile)

and a primary root (radicle) emerge.
Initially the young seedlings take nutrients from

the endosperm of the seed.
Stage 1 of
Chili pepper Germination
Seedling Development
The shoot (coleoptile) emerge from the ground

and first leaf breaks through the tip.
First Leaf
The mesocotyle grows during this period and a
Coleoptile node is formed at the base of the coleoptile just
below ground level.
Mesocotyle
Seed
Secondary roots begin to grow from this node, 3
Primary
Root to 7 days after the plant emerges from the soil.
Seedlings get the nutrients through these roots.
Stage 2 of
Chili pepper Germination
Root system
The chili pepper root system consists of 3 types of

roots:
• Primary roots
• Secondary or Adventitious roots
• Tap roots
Primary roots
These roots develop from the radicle

and die subsequently.
Root system
Secondary or Adventitious roots
These roots develop from the first node

from the mesocotyle.
These rots occupy 5 to 15 cm area in the

soil around the base of the stem.
Adventitious roots are small, uniform,

and form a small portion of the root
system.
Secondary roots of
Chili pepper
Shoot system
Leaves
Chili pepper shoot system consists of
stem, leaves, nodes, and internodes
Node during the vegetative stage.
}Inter Node
Leaves\nodes develop @ of one in 3 to 6
days.
Stem
The plant remains in vegetative stage

for 30 to 40 days during which all leaves
(12 to 18) are formed.
Chili pepper shoot

Shoot system
About at 6 to 10 days of flowering, the Plants

become very green and healthy and initiate
flowers.
Chili pepper usually flowers 35 to 45 days.
Flowering stage
Shoot system
Two days after the emergence of the flowers from

the shoots, the flowers begin to open.
The flowering can be observed from the white pollen

from the anthers on the berry.
The maximum flowering takes place on 3rd or 4th

day. It takes 6 days for the whole inflorescence to
complete flowering.
Flowering in chili
Seed Development
The chili pepper seed is called pepper seed. The

seed matures in 30 to 35 days after fertilization.
Chili pepper seeds are round in shape but

flat on both sides.
The seeds vary in color - red, brown, white,

yellow, or cream and are with a dull or pearly
luster.
Pepper seeds
Seed Development
Physiological maturity:
Maximum total dry weight of the plant reaches at the physiological

maturity.
Uptake of nutrients also mostly cease at this stage.
So, if there are problems like bird damage etc. it is advantageous to

harvest the crop at this stage.
As the seed moisture at this stage will be around 25 to 35%, proper

drying of the seeds is important.
Seed Development
Physiological maturity can be determined by the dark spot on

the seed.
The seed on the left is physiologically mature; the one on the

right is not.
The cultivated pepper mature and get

ready for dry in 100 to 140 days
depending on the variety.
The right time to harvest chili pepper is

at the physiological stage of the plants or
when the berry moisture content is below
45%.
With this, the Lesson on Growth of Chili pepper Plant, and

also the Module 1 - About Chili pepper concludes.
If you want to check your understanding on about chili

pepper, please click on “Exercise” button given above.
The subsequent Modules in this course deal with the

important insect pests that attack chili pepper crop.
Click “Modules” button and select Module 2

Chili-Module 1-Growth of Chili (Insect)

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Module I: About Chili Pepper

Lesson 2: Growth of Chili Pepper plant

1. How chili pepper is a better crop than other vegetable

At the end of this lesson, you have learned to answer

8. In how many days after germination the flowering

Chili pepper is a member of the nightshade

The evolution of chili pepper under the

Varieties of chili pepper are classified into 5 groups:

• Ethnic Hot peppers

• Ethnic Sweet peppers

Spice chili peppers are grown for

Spice chili pepper

Sweet peppers have sweet juicy flesh

When chili pepper seed is sown in moist soil, the

The seed coat breaks a small shoot (coleoptile)

Initially the young seedlings take nutrients from

The shoot (coleoptile) emerge from the ground

The chili pepper root system consists of 3 types of

• Secondary or Adventitious roots

These roots develop from the radicle

Secondary or Adventitious roots

These roots develop from the first node

These rots occupy 5 to 15 cm area in the

Adventitious roots are small, uniform,

The plant remains in vegetative stage

Chili pepper shoot

About at 6 to 10 days of flowering, the Plants

Chili pepper usually flowers 35 to 45 days.

Two days after the emergence of the flowers from

The flowering can be observed from the white pollen

The maximum flowering takes place on 3rd or 4th

The chili pepper seed is called pepper seed. The

Chili pepper seeds are round in shape but

The seeds vary in color - red, brown, white,

Maximum total dry weight of the plant reaches at the physiological

Uptake of nutrients also mostly cease at this stage.

So, if there are problems like bird damage etc. it is advantageous to

As the seed moisture at this stage will be around 25 to 35%, proper

Physiological maturity can be determined by the dark spot on

The seed on the left is physiologically mature; the one on the

The cultivated pepper mature and get

The right time to harvest chili pepper is

With this, the Lesson on Growth of Chili pepper Plant, and

If you want to check your understanding on about chili

The subsequent Modules in this course deal with the

Click “Modules” button and select Module 2

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