CT 1-3 – BASIC

CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
Homework CT 1-3
Submitted by:
Ma. Antonette D. Del Sol, CE
BITUMINOUS
MATERIAL
BITUMINOUS MATERIAL
• The term bituminous materials is generally used to denote substances in which bitumen is present or from
which it can be derived. Bitumen is defined as an amorphous, black or dark-colored, (solid, semi-solid, or
viscous) cementitious substance, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, and soluble
in carbon disulfide.
• For civil engineering applications, bituminous materials include primarily aphalts and tars.
Asphalts may occur in nature (natural asphalts) or may be obtained from petroleum processing (petroleum asphalts).
Tars do not occur in nature and are obtained as conden-sates in the processing of coal, petroleum, oil-shale, wood or other organic
materials.

Bituminous mixtures are generally used to denote the combinations of bituminous materials (as binders),
aggregates and additives.

• Traditionally in UK, the bitumen is categorized into two. The first one is "asphalt" and the second one is
"macadam". In North America, the asphalt is the bitumen itself.
Asphalts are bitumen mixture whose strength and stiffness is gained through the mortar property.
While in the case of macadam, the strength is dependent on the aggregates that are used in the mix (i.e. grading of the aggregates).
PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN
1. Adhesion
2. Resistance to Water
3. Hardness
4. Viscosity and Flow
5. Softening Point
6. Ductility
7. Specific Gravity
8. Durability
9. Versatility
10.Economical
11.Strength

APPLICATION
Bituminous materials are used for road construction, roofing, waterproofing, and
other applications. For the main application, which is road construction, the major concerns,
as with concrete, are cost and durability.
MASONRY
MASONRY
• Masonry consists of building structures from single units that are laid and bound together with mortar. Brick,
stone and concrete blocks are the most common materials used in masonry construction.
• Masonry is commonly used to make the walls of buildings, retaining walls, and monuments.
Bricks the most common type of material chosen and may be used for weight-bearing purposes or to form a veneer.
Another material is concrete block, which is rapidly gaining in popularity.
Concrete blocks—most of which have hollow cores—offer various possibilities in masonry construction, generally
providing great compressive strength (for vertical loads). Filling some or all of the cores with concrete, stone, or steel
reinforcement (typically "rebar") offers much greater tensile strength (to accommodate twisting or stretching) and
lateral strength (for "sideways" loads) to the structures.
Types of Masonry Based on Basic Material Used For Masonry     
01. Stone  Masonry
02. Brick Masonry
03. Block Masonry
04. Veneer Masonry
05. Gabion Masonry
06. Composite Masonry
07. Reinforced Masonry
08. Bagged Concrete Masonry
Sources:
https://www.aboutcivil.org/Bituminous-Materials-and-Plastics.html
https://www.aboutcivil.org/Bituminous-Materials-and-Plastics.html
https://gharpedia.com/blog/types-of-masonry/
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.ny-engineers.com/blog/masonry-construction-advantages-and-disadvantages%3fhs_amp=true
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Masonry#Applications