A LOOK INTO THE FINAL ENGLISH

EXAM
TURKISH CULTURE PRESENTATION
THE REPUBLIC OF
TURKEY
FACTS
FACTS

Red with a vertical white half moon (the

closed portion is toward the hoist side)
and white five- pointed star centered just
outside the half- moon opening.

In the language of flowers, tulips have

their own meaning and symbolism. In
general the tulip flowers mean perfect
love and a true
FACTS
Population :75.6 million Other holidays
Official Language : Turkish New Years Day (1st January)
Administrative Type : Democratic
Republic National Sovereignty &
Childrens Day (23rd April)
Capital City :Ankara,but most
populated city is Istanbul. Ataturks Commemoration &
Youth and Sports Day (19th May)
Currency: Turkish Lira
Official Holidays Victory Day (30th August)
Istiklal Avenue
Religious
Republic Day (29th October
Feast of Ramadan. ( 3 days )
1923)
Feast of the Sacrifice.( 4 days )
FACTS
Time difference: UTC+2.
Daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last
Monday in March; ends last Sunday in
October
Working Days: From Monday to Friday
Ethnic Groups : Turkish, Laz,Zaza
Kurdish, Greek , Turkmen
Life expectacy : 72
Mean Age : 28.8 years
Religions :Secular Republic Muslim
99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly
Christians and Jews)
Urban population: 70% of total
population (2010).
HISTORY
FIRST SIGNS IN HISTORY
Turks covers more than 4000 years
in history:
 First lived in Central Asia around 2000 BC;

Turks in Anatolia;
 The Malazgirt victory in 1071 against the
Byzantines;

Ottoman Age1299–1923:
 The conquer of Constantinople in 1453;
 The Ottoman Empire incrementally lost its
economic and military;
OTTOMAN WARRIOR
Picture of an Ottoman warrior in
the early of 1800s.
HISTORY
Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary,
constitutional republic whose political
system was established in 1923 under the
leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk,
following the fall of the Ottoman Empire in
the after World War I.
Since then, Turkey has become increasingly
integrated with the West through
membership in organizationssuch as ; The
Council of Europe, NATO, OECD, OSCE
and the G-20 major economies.
Turkey began full membership negotiations
with the European Union in 2005.
THE FATHER OF TURKS
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, known as The
father of Turks.
As president for 15 years, until his death in
1938, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk introduced a
broad range of reforms, such as: Political,
Social, Economic and Cultural.
HISTORY

He died on the "10th of November, 1938.

His mausoleum is in Anıtkabir, Ankara
ECONOMY
Since its inception in 1923, Turkey has operated a mixed economy.
The services sector engaged about one-half of the workforce, while
agriculture and industry each occupied about one-fourth.
Turkey has a great variety of natural resources, though few occur on
a large scale. 
POLITICAL
 POLITICAL

Recep Tayyip Erdogan

• Born 26th February 1954 Istanbul

• President of the Republic of Turkey;
• PM of Turkey 14th March 2003 - 2014
• Chairman of the governing party Justice &
Development Party(AK Party ).
POLITICAL ISSUES IN
TURKEY
Armenian Conflict;
Cyprus;
Kurdish Conflict :20% of Turkey’s population is Kurdish.
More than 35,000 people have died in the Kurdish conflict since the PKK
turned to terrorism in 1984.
Abdullah Ocalan, leader of rebel terrorist group (PKK)
GEOGRAPHY
LOCATION
Turkey is the only country in the
world that is on two continentes.
Turkey is on both Asia and
Europe

Bordering the Black Sea,

between Bulgaria and Georgia,
and also bordering the Aegean
Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
LOCATION
It is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest, Greece to
the west, Georgia to the northeast, Armenia, Arzebaijan and Iran to
the east, and Iraq and Syria to the Southeast
GEOGRAPHY

Turkey is subdivided 7 regions:

Turkey has 81 provinces.Most populated ones are
Istanbul,Ankara,Izmir
GEOGRAPHY

Turkey is surrounded by sea on three sides, by the Black Sea in the

north, the Mediterranean in the south and the Aegean Sea in the west .
Coast line : 7,200 km.
GEOGRAPHY
Turkey’s varied climate is heavily influenced by the presence of the
sea to the north, south, and west and by the mountains that cover
much of the country.
 GEOGRAPHY
• While the coastal areas enjoy
milder climates, the inland
Anatolian plateau experiences
extremes of hot summers and cold
winters with limited rainfall.

• Turkey receives most of the

rainfall in the winter season.

• But summer rainfall is very limited

and could not be enough to
remove water .
 GEOGRAPHY
Temperature
• In Istanbul and around the Sea of Marmara the climate is
moderate (winter 4°C and summer 27°C).
• In winter however the temperatures can drop below zero.

• In Western Anatolia there is a mild Mediterranean

climate with average temperatures of 9°C in winter and
29°C in summer.

• The climate in the Black Sea area is wet, and humid

(summer 23°C, winter 7°C).

• Eastern Anatolia region there is a long winter, and snow

remains on the ground from November until the end of
April (the average temperature in winter is -13 °C & in
summer 17 °C).
ECONOMY
HOTSPOTS IN TURKEY
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city
after İstanbul. The city has a population around 4.5 million, it goes
up to 5.5 million including the provinces.
Istambul historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is
the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic,
cultural, and historic center.
Anatolia also called Asia Minor, the peninsula of land that
today constitutes the Asian portion of Turkey. Because of its location
at the point where the continents of Asia and Europe meet, Anatolia
was, from the beginnings of civilization, a crossroads for numerous
peoples migrating or conquering from either continent.
ISTANBUL
CAPPADOCIA
ANKARA
IZMIR
CUISINE
CUISINE
Dolma - Stuffed grape leaves:
family of stuffed vegetable
dishes common in the Middle
East and in Turkey.
CUISINE
Biryani also known as biriyani
or biriani, is a South Asian
mixed rice dish with its origins
among the Muslims.
CUISINE
Lahmacun is thin dough lightly
covered with a mixture of
minced meat, herbs, and spices.
CUISINE
Mantı is a type of stuffed
dumpling, famous throughout
Turkey.
THANK
YOU!