PROJECT : HISTORY AND

CIVICS

NAME : RADHEY R PATEL

STD : 10TH B
ROLL NO : 39
UNITED NATIONS AND ITS ORGANISATION INTRODUCTION:
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to
maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among
nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the
actions of nations. It is the largest, most familiar, most internationally
represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. The
UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City; other main
offices are in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague.
The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future
wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50
governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN
Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945,
when the UN began operations.
Pursuant to the Charter, the organization's objectives include maintaining
international peace and security, protecting human rights,
delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and
upholding international law. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; this
number grew to 193 in 2011, representing the vast majority of the
world's sovereign states.
The organization's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early
decades by the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union and their
respective allies. Its missions have consisted primarily of unarmed military
observers and lightly armed troops with primarily monitoring, reporting and
confidence-building roles. UN membership grew significantly following
widespread decolonization beginning in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former colonies
have gained independence, including 11 trust territories that had been monitored
by the Trusteeship Council . By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and
social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping.
After the end of the Cold War, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations,
undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks.
The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly; the Security Council;
the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); the Trusteeship Council;
the International Court of Justice; and the UN Secretariat. The UN
System includes a multitude of specialized agencies, such as the World Bank
Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO,
and UNICEF. Additionally, non-governmental organizations may be granted
consultative status
with ECOSOC and other agencies to participate in the UN's work. The UN's chief
administrative officer is the Secretary-General, currently Portuguese politician
and diplomat António Guterres, since 1 January 2017. The organization is financed
by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. The UN, its
officers, and its agencies have won many Nobel Peace Prizes, though other
evaluations of its effectiveness have been mixed. Some commentators believe the
organization to be an important force for peace and human development, while
others have called it ineffective, biased, or corrupt.
The Formation of the United Nations, 1945
On January 1, 1942, representatives of 26 nations at war with the Axis powers met
in Washington to sign the Declaration of the United Nations endorsing the Atlantic Charter,
pledging to use their full resources against the Axis and agreeing not to make a separate
peace.
The Founding of the UN in San Francisco
At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, Secretary of State Cordell Hull and British
Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden agreed to draft a declaration that included a call for “a
general international organization, based on the principle sovereign equality of all nations.”
An agreed declaration was issued after a Foreign Ministers Conference in Moscow in
October 1943. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Soviet Premier Joseph
Stalin in Tehran, Iran, in November 1943, he proposed an international organization
comprising an assembly of all member states and a 10-member executive committee to
discuss social and economic issues. The United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union, and
China would enforce peace as “the four policemen.” Meanwhile Allied representatives
founded a set of task-oriented organizations: the Food and Agricultural Organization (May
1943), the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (November 1943), the
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (April 1944), the
International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (July 1944), and the International Civil
Aviation Organization (November 1944). U.S., British, Soviet, and Chinese representatives
met at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington in August and September 1944 to draft the charter
of a postwar international organization based on the principle of collective security. They
recommended a General Assembly of all member states and a Security Council consisting
of the Big Four plus six members chosen by the Assembly. Voting procedures and the veto
power of permanent members of the Security Council were finalized at the Yalta
Conference.
in 1945 when Roosevelt and Stalin agreed that the veto would not prevent
discussions by the Security Council Roosevelt agreed to General Assembly
membership for Ukraine and Byelorussia while reserving the right, which was
never exercised, to seek two more votes for the United States.
Representatives of 50 nations met in San Francisco April-June 1945 to complete
the Charter of the United Nations. In addition to the General Assembly of all
member states and a Security Council of 5 permanent and 6 non-permanent
members, the Charter provided for an 18-member Economic and Social Council,
an International Court of Justice, a Trusteeship Council to oversee certain colonial
territories, and a Secretariat under a Secretary General. The Roosevelt
administration strove to avoid Woodrow Wilson’s mistakes in selling the League of
Nations to the Senate. It sought bipartisan support and in September 1943 the
Republican Party endorsed U.S. participation in a postwar international
organization, after which both houses of Congress overwhelmingly endorsed
participation. Roosevelt also sought to convince the public that an international
organization was the best means to prevent future wars. The Senate approved the
UN Charter on July 28, 1945, by a vote of 89 to 2. The United Nations came into
existence on October 24, 1945, after 29 nations had ratified the Charter.
History of the United Nations
In the century prior to the UN's creation, several international treaty
organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross were
formed to ensure protection and assistance for victims of armed conflict
and strife. In 1914, a political assassination in Sarajevo set off a chain of
events that led to the outbreak of World War I. As more and more young
men were sent down into the trenches, influential voices in the United
States and Britain began calling for the establishment of a permanent
international body to maintain peace in the post war world. President
Woodrow Wilson became a vocal advocate of this concept, and in 1918
he included a sketch of the international body in his 14-point proposal to
end the war. In November 1918, the Central Powers agreed to an
armistice to halt the killing in World War I. Two months later, the Allies
met with Germany and Austria-Hungary at Versailles to hammer out
formal peace terms. President Wilson wanted peace, but the United
Kingdom and France disagreed, forcing harsh war reparations on their
former enemies. The League of Nations was approved, and in the
summer of 1919 Wilson presented the Treaty of Versailles and
the Covenant of the League of Nations to the US Senate for ratification.
On 10 January 1920, the League of Nations formally came into being
when the Covenant of the League of
  Nations, ratified by 42 nations in 1919, took effect.  However, at some
point the League became ineffective when it failed to act against
the Japanese invasion of Manchuria as in February 1933, 40 nations voted
for Japan to withdraw from Manchuria but Japan voted against it and
walked out of the League instead of withdrawing from Manchuria. It also
failed against the Second Italo-Ethiopian War despite trying to talk
to Benito Mussolini as he used the time to send an army to Africa, so the
League had a plan for Mussolini to just take a part of Ethiopia, but he
ignored the League and invaded Ethiopia, the League tried putting
sanctions on Italy, but Italy had already conquered Ethiopia and the
League had failed. After Italy conquered Ethiopia, Italy and other nations
left the league. But all of them realized that it had failed and they began
to re-arm as fast as possible. During 1938, Britain and France tried
negotiating directly with Hitler but this failed in 1939 when Hitler
invaded Czechoslovakia. When war broke out in 1939, the League closed
down and its headquarters in Geneva remained empty throughout the
war. Although the United States never joined the League, the country did
support its economic and social missions through the work of private
philanthropies and by sending representatives to committees.
United Nations: Objectives and Roles of United Nations!
The United Nations Organisation (UNO) is the global international organization of
sovereign independent states. It was established on 24 October 1945. The destruction
caused by the Second World War compelled the people to establish an international
organization for keeping the world away from war and in favor of friendship and
cooperation among all the nations. The UNO was designed to save the future
generations from the scourge of war by promoting International peace and security.
After the end of the Second World War, the United States, the United Kingdom, the
Soviet Union (Former USSR) some other states held several meetings and planned to
establish an organization for preserving peace and promoting social, economic and
political co-operation among all nations. As a result of their efforts, the United
Nations Organisation came into existence in 1945 when the representatives of 51
nations signed the Charter of the UNO at San Francisco.
The name “United Nations” was suggested by US President Franklin Roosevelt. It was
first used in the Declaration of the United Nations made on January 1, 1942. At San
Francisco Conference, it was unanimously adopted as the name of the new
international organization as a tribute to the late President of the United States. India
had not achieved its independence by then and yet it became one of the founder
members of the United Nations.
All nations pledged themselves to the UN Charter. In the UN Charter they pledged “to
save the succeeding generations from the scourage of war” They also promised to
“promote social progress and better standards of life.”
The Charter came into force on October 24, 1945 after a majority of the signatories
deposited their instruments of ratification. Since then every year, 24th October is
celebrated as the United Nations Day.
The UN Charter:
The Charter is the Constitution of the United Nations Organisation. It was made in
October 1944 by the Dumbarton Oaks (Washington DC) Conference. It lays down the
rules which govern the organization and functions of the UNO and all its organs. The
Charter has a Preamble, 19 Chapters and 111 Articles which explain the purposes,
principles, organs, and operating methods of the UN.
(A) Purposes of the UTS:
The purposes of the UN are defined in Article 1 of the UN Charter.
These are:
1. To maintain international peace and security and to take adequate steps to avert
wars.
2. To develop friendly relations among nations on the basis of equality.
3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an
economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character.
4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these
common ends.
(B) Principles of the UN:
The principles are the means to achieve the objectives of the UN.
These are contained in Article 2 of the UN Charter:
1. All the member states are equal.
2. The member states shall fulfill their obligations to the UN honestly.
3. The member states shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means.
4. The member states shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or
use of force against any other state.
5. The member states shall give to the UN every assistance in any action it takes in
accordance with the UN Charter.
6. The states which are not members of the UN, should also act in accordance with
these principles for the maintenance of international peace and security.
7. No member state shall interfere in the internal affairs of any other state.
(C) Headquarters of UN:
The headquarters of UN is located at First Avenue, UN Plaza, New York the USA.
The UN building stand on a 17 acre tract of land donated, by John D Rockfeller on
Manhattan Island, a suburb of New York. It is a 39-storey building which can house
about 8000 employees.
(D) The UN Flag:
The UN General Assembly adopted the UN Flag on October 20, 1947. The white UN
emblem is superimposed on a light blue background. The emblem consists of the
global map projected from the North Pole and embraced in two Olive Branches
(symbol of peace)
(E) Membership of the UN:
Under the UN Charter, membership of this global organisation is open to all “peace
loving” states who accept the obligations of the organization as contained in the
Charter. New members are admitted by a two thirds vote of the UN General Assembly
and on the recommendations of the UN Security Council. The present strength of UNO
is 191.
(F) Languages used by the UNO:
The UN conducts its business in six official languages; Arabic, Chinese, English, French,
Russian and Spanish.
(G) Un Organs and their roles:
The Charter of UN establishes six principle UN organs.
These are:
1. The UN General Assembly:
The General Assembly is the highest deliberative organ of the UN. It is also called the
World Parliament of Nations. Each member state sends five representatives to it but
each state has only one vote. The session of the General Assembly is convened on third
Tuesday in the month of September every year.
The opening day of the session stands designated as the International Day of Peace. The
UN General Assembly holds deliberations on all issues which are related to the Charter
of the United Nations. It also approves the annual budget of the UN. It’s headquarter is
located at New York (the USA).
2. The UN Security Council:
The Security Council is the executive body of the UN. It is called “the Power House” of
the UN. It is made up of 15 members out of whom 5 are permanent members, each
with a veto power. These are the USA, Russia, China, France and United Kingdom.
Remaining 10 are non-permanent members who are elected by the General Assembly
by a 2/3 majority for a term of two years.
The decisions of the Security Council are taken by a majority and vote but each of its
five permanent members has the right to veto its decisions. Under the “uniting for
peace resolution” adopted in November 1950, the UN General Assembly can direct the
Security Council to act for meeting any threat to international peace by taking
collective security action against aggression. The Security Council is a powerful organ
of the UN. It’s headquarter is located at New York in USA. India now wants to become
a permanent member of the UN Security Council.
3. The Economic and Social Council:
The Economic and Social Council has 54 members, they are elected by the UN General
Assembly for a term of three years. One-third members (18) out of these retire every
year and in their place new members are elected. This Council helps the UN in solving
the economic and social problems of the world. It also supervises the work of some
other UN bodies. It’s headquarter is located at New York in the USA.
4. The Trusteeship Council:
The Trusteeship Council supervises the administration of those backward and
disputed territories, the responsibility for the development of which has been taken
over by the UNO. Apart from the permanent members of the Security Council, the
administering countries of the trust territories are its members. These are elected for
three years by the UN General Assembly the Trusteeship Council monitors the
development of trust territories.
5. The International Court of Justice (ICJ):
It is the chief judicial body of the UN. It is also called “the World Court.” It consists of
15 judges who are elected by the General Assembly on the recommendations of the UN
Security Council; each judge of ICJ holds a tenure of 9 years. It’s one third judges
retire after three years and in their place new judges are elected.
The International Court of Justice gives its verdict on such disputes/cases which are
brought to it by the concerned states by their mutual consent. It gives advisory opinion
on legal matters to the organs and special agencies of the UN when solicited. It’s
headquarter is located at The Hague (Netherlands).
6. The UN Secretariat:
Secretariat is the administrative organ of the UN. It implements the policies and
decisions taken up by organs of the UN. It consists of international civil servants who,
while serving the UN, must forget their national loyalties and work for securing the
interests of the UN. There are about 4000 employees of the UN Secretariat.
Their salaries are paid by the UN. The Secretariat General is the head of the
Secretariat. He is called the “Watchdog of the UN”. He is appointed for a term of 5
year by the UN General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. At
present. Mr. Ban Ki Moon is the UN Secretary General.
Specialized Agencies of the UN:
The Specialised Agencies of the UN have been playing a significant role in
implementing the policies, decisions and programmed of the UN. These are looking
after specific areas and issues like research, health, labor, trade, culture, human rights
etc. Some of the important specialized agencies of the UN are: International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA), UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), Food and
Agricultural Organisation (FAO), World Labor Organisation (WLO), World Health
Organisation (WHO), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD), World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), UN International Children
Emergency Fund (UNICEF), UN Environment Programmer (UNEP), and others
Role of the United Nations:
To maintain international peace and security has been the prime responsibility of the
UN. During about 64 years of its existence, it has done a valuable work in this
direction. It has done a fairly good amount of work in the settlement of several
controversies, which could have posed serious threats to the world peace. Along with
it, the UN has contributed greatly in the field of decolonization, human rights,
disarmament.
However, the UN has several weaknesses and limitations:
( I ) It lacks adequate funds to meet all its objectives.
( ii ) The veto power of the five permanent members of the Security Council has
virtually left this powerful UN organ at the mercy of “Big-Five” USA, UK, Russia
France and China. Hence, the need is to reform the UN system from within and
outside.
(iii) The urgent need is to democratize the UN. Democracy and transparency
must characterize the Working of all the organs of the UN. The Security
Council needs to be expanded and restructured. Almost all countries now
advocate the need for an increase in the permanent and non-permanent
members of the UN Security Council.
There has been a big increase in the members of the UN. As such, the UN
Security Council needs an expansion for giving due representation to all
continents and major powers of the world.
(iv) The issue of Veto Power needs to be debated and amended.
(v) The General Assembly should be made stronger. It should be turned into a
forum for consensus on important global issues.
(vi) The voice of the smaller nations should carry equal weight in all UN
decisions.
(vii) The rules and practices of the UN institutions need reform in the light of
past experience.
(viii) The organization and the functioning of the Economic and Social
Council and the Secretariat demand a complete over-hauling.
(ix) The UN peacekeeping role needs to be restructured technically and
financially.
Recently, the US War against Talibans & A1 Quad in Afghanistan and the
US-War in Iraq have put a question mark on the relevance of the UN. The
US operators in Iraq do not enjoy the sanction of the UNO. Further, the UN
has not been successful in securing disarmament as well as in preventing
the outbreak of local wars and terrorism in various parts of the world.
However, this does not mean that the UN has failed to serve the
international community. It has successfully prevented the outbreak of a
third world war. It has played an effective role in keeping several wars
limited. It has been now engaged in peace-keeping operations in 22
different parts of the world.
It has been contributing to the cause of preservation of world peace,
security and development. The need of the hour is to introduce some
reforms in the UN so that in may become more effective and fully capable
of ensuring a stable, healthy and secure world order. UN Security Council
must be expanded and democratised. India, Japan, Brazil, South Africa and
Germany have a strong case for getting permanent memberships in the UN
Security Council.
The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact
Corporate sustainability starts with a company’s value system and a
principles-based approach to doing business. This means operating in ways
that, at a minimum, meet fundamental responsibilities in the areas of
human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. Responsible
businesses enact the same values and principles wherever they have a
presence, and know that good practices in one area do not offset harm in
another. By incorporating the Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact into
strategies, policies and procedures, and establishing a culture of integrity,
companies are not only upholding their basic responsibilities to people and
planet, but also setting the stage for long-term success.
The Ten Principles of the United Nations Global Compact are derived from:
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Labour
Organization’s Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work,
the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the United
Nations Convention Against Corruption.
Human Rights
Principle 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of
internationally proclaimed human rights; and
Principle 2: make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses.
Labour
Principle 3: Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the
effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining;
Principle 4: the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour;
Principle 5: the effective abolition of child labour; and
Principle 6: the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and
occupation.
Environment
Principle 7: Businesses should support a precautionary approach to
environmental challenges;
Principle 8: undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental
responsibility; and
Principle 9: encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally
friendly technologies.
Anti-Corruption
Principle 10: Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms,
including extortion and bribery.
Main Organs
The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the
Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of
Justice, and the UN Secretariat.  All were established in 1945 when the UN was
founded.
General Assembly
The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ
of the UN. All 193 Member States of the UN are represented in the General Assembly,
making it the only UN body with universal representation.  Each year, in September, the
full UN membership meets in the General Assembly Hall in New York for the annual
General Assembly session, and general debate, which many heads of state attend and
address. Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security,
admission of new members and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority of
the General Assembly. Decisions on other questions are by simple majority.  The
General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of office.
Security Council
The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the
maintenance of international peace and security.  It has 15 Members (5 permanent
and 10 non-permanent members). Each Member has one vote. Under the Charter, all
Member States are obligated to comply with Council decisions. The Security Council
takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of
aggression.
It calls upon the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful means and
recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement. In some cases, the
Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of
force to maintain or restore international peace and security.  The Security Council
has a Presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month.
•Daily programme of work of the Security Council
•Subsidiary organs of the Security Council
Economic and Social Council
The Economic and Social Council is the principal body for coordination, policy
review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and
environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed
development goals. It serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN
system and its specialized agencies in the economic,
social and environmental fields, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies.  It has 54
Members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms. It is the
United Nations’ central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking
on sustainable development.
Trusteeship Council
The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter, under Chapter
XIII, to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed
under the administration of seven Member States, and ensure that adequate steps
were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence. By 1994,
all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence.  The Trusteeship
Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994. By a resolution adopted on 25
May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet
annually and agreed to meet as occasion required -- by its decision or the decision of
its President, or at the request of a majority of its members or the General Assembly
or the Security Council.
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands). It is the only one of the six
principal organs of the United Nations not located in New York (United States of
America). The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal
disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions
referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
Secretariat
The Secretariat comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of
international UN staff members who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as
mandated by the General Assembly and the Organization's other principal organs.  The
Secretary-General is chief administrative officer of the Organization, appointed by the
General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year,
renewable term. UN staff members are recruited internationally and locally, and work
in duty stations and on peacekeeping missions all around the world.  But serving the
cause of peace in a violent world is a dangerous occupation. Since the founding of the
United Nations, hundreds of brave men and women have given their lives in its service.

Important Agencies of the United Nations

Important Agencies of the United Nations!
The UN has two major functions to perform:
(i) To maintain international peace and security by solving disputes between nations
and by developing friendly relations among them;
(ii) To foster worldwide cooperation and understanding to solve international
economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems.
To maintain international peace and security, the UN functions through its General
Assembly, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
To solve economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and to develop
International cooperation, a number of specialized agencies have been established.
They work under the supervision of the UN’s Economic and Social Council.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO):
The UNESCO was created in 1946 with its headquarters in Paris. It encourages the
spread of universal education. It believes that a better understanding among the
different nations could be achieved through collaboration in education, science and
culture . The UNESCO devotes a large portion of its funds to projects for educational
and scientific development in Third World countries. It also encourages an exchange
of technology between countries and international cooperation between artists,
scientists and scholars.
The United Nations international children’s fund (UNICEF):
The UNICEF has its headquarters in New York. The organization was established in
1946 with the aim of providing aid to children and their mothers in countries
devastated by the Second World War.
The UNICEF looks into the issues of child health, nutrition and education. It
provides medical aid and medicines to fight disease, especially in the underdeveloped
countries of the world. It also assists in the running of childcare centres. It tries to
solve the problem of child labour.
A large portion of its funds comes through the sale of greetings cards.
The International Labour Organization (ILO):
The ILO was set up in 1918 after the end of the First World War. It has its
headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
It was later on turned into a specialized agency of the United Nations entrusted with
the task of improving the conditions of labor throughout the world.
Through various schemes, the ILO helps the member countries in vocational training
and small-scale handicrafts. It attempts to improve the conditions of work and the
standard of living of workers. It sets international standards for basic human rights
child labor and social well-being.
It pays special attention to the problems of women and children.
It also endeavors to popularize workers’ cooperatives. The ILO’s decisions are not
binding but they exert moral pressure on Governments.
The World Health Organization (WHO):
The WHO was established on 7 April, 1948, which is observed as the World Health
Day. The headquarter of the WHO is in Geneva.
 the main purpose of the WHO is to improve the standard of health all over the world.
It believes that good health is a fundamental right of every human being. The WHO
helps countries to strengthen their health systems. It helps them by giving important
medicines and other supplies for medical care. It also undertakes programmers for
immunization against major infectious diseases.
The WHO is concerned about proper food supply and nutrition. It helps to provide
safe drinking water and adequate sanitation to everybody. It had organized the
International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990).
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO):
The FAO was founded in 1945 with its headquarters in Rome.
The FAO underta­kes programmer for developing agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Its
aim is to eliminate hunger. It has developed a programme called ‘Food for All’.
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP):
The UNDP was formed in 1950 with its headquarters in Paris.
The projects initiated by the UNDP aim at helping developing nations to make better
use of their natural and human resources, to expand productivity and improve the
living standards of the people. It attempts to strengthen and expand educational
systems at the university level and support research methods for new discoveries.
The UNDP also provides loans and grants to encourage self-help activities in the poor
countries. It is also one of the agencies which work to support global programmer on
HIV and AIDS. India has benefited greatly through these agencies.
Conclusion :
I have learnt many things from this project . I learnt about the United
Nations Organizations and which types of organs are present in it . I learnt
how the United Nations have been formed by preferring there history of
their past .

Acknowledgement :
I am very thankful to my parents who have helped me a lot . They helped
me to collect information from several different websites and also collect
information from the 10th std history and civics book . I am also thankful
to my history and civics teacher to give us this wonderful opportunity to
make a project .

Bibliography :
I collected this information from Internet from this websites
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations
2) https://www.un.org/en/
3) https://www.mfa.am/en/international-organisations/12