Lect 4 Applications of Increase and Decrease in Management

Applications of
Increase and
Decrease in
Management
&
Mixed Number &
Improper
Function
Increases and Decreases
• Find the amount of increase or decrease in

percent problems.
• Find the new amount directly in percent
problems.
• Find the rate or the base in increase or decrease
problems.
Find the Amount of Increase or Decrease in
Percent Problems
• Examples of increases in business applications include:

• Sales tax
• Raise in salary
• Markup on a wholesale price
Decreases in percent problems
• Some examples of decreases include:
• Payroll deductions
• Markdowns
• Discounts on sale items
How to find
the amount of increase
• To find the amount of increase:

amount of increase = new amt – beg. amt.
Example: Joe’s salary has been $400 a week.

Beginning next month, it will be $450 a week. The
amount of increase is $50 a week.
How to find the
amount of decrease
• To find the amount of decrease:

Amount of decrease = beg. amt - new amt.
• Example: Roxanne’s new purse originally cost

$60, but it was on sale when she bought it on
Saturday for $39.99. The amount of decrease (or
markdown) is $20.01.
Percent of change
• The amount of change is a percent of the original or
beginning amount.
• Find the amount (increase or decrease) from a

percent of change by:
• Identifying the original or beginning amount and the
percent or rate of change.
• Multiplying the decimal equivalent of the rate of change by
the original or beginning amount.
Here’s an example
• Your company has announced a 1.5% cost of living raise for all
employees next month. Your monthly salary is currently $2,300.
Starting next month, what will your new salary be?
• You will need to find the amount of increase by multiplying the rate
by the base.
• To find the new amount, add the amount of increase to the original
amount.
Find the new amount
• Current salary = $2,300 a month
• Rate of change = 1.5%
• Amount of raise =
Percent of change x original amount
.015 x $2,300 = $34.50 a month
• Add $34.50 to the original amount of $2,300 to identify the new
amount.
• New amount = $2,334.50
Find the New Amount Directly
in Percent Problems
• Often in increase or decrease problems, we are more

interested in the new amount than the amount of
change.
• Find the new amount by adding or subtracting
percents first.
• The original or beginning amount is always considered
to be the base and is 100% of itself.
Find the new amount directly
in a percent problem
• Find the rate of the new amount.

For increase: 100% + rate of increase
For decrease: 100% - rate of decrease
• Find the new amount.
P=RxB
New amount = rate of new amt. x original amt.
Here’s an example
• Medical assistants are to receive a 9% increase in
wages per hour. If they were making $15.25, what is
the new per hour salary to the nearest cent?
• Rate of new amount = 100% + rate of increase
• Rate of new amount = 100% + 9% = 109%
• Rate of new amount = $15.25 x 109%
• Change 109% to its decimal equivalent: 1.09
• $15.25 x 1.09 = $16.6225 = $16.62
Here’s another example
A new pair of jeans that costs $49.99 is advertised at
70% off. What is the sale price to the nearest cent of
the jeans?
• Rate of new amount = 100% - rate of decrease
• = 100% - 70% = 30%
• New amount = rate of new amt. x original amt.
• New amount = 30% x $49.99
• New amount = 0.3 x $49.99 = $14.997
• New amount = $15.00 (nearest cent)
Try these examples
1. The property taxes at your business office will go up
5% next year. Currently, you pay $3,400. How much
will you pay next year?
2. A wholesaler is offering you a 20% discount if you

purchase new inventory before the 15th of the
month. If your normal invoice is $3,600, how much
would you pay if you got the discount?
Answers
1. $3,570
2. $2,880
Find the Rate or the Base in Increase or Decrease
Problems
• Identify or find the amount of increase or decrease.

• To find the rate of increase or decrease, use the
percentage formula: R = P/B.
• Rate = amount of change/original amount.
• To find the base or original amount, use the
percentage formula: B = P/R.
• Base = amount of change/rate of change.
Here’s an example
• During the month of May, a graphic artist made a

profit of $1,525. In June, she made a profit of
$1,708. What is the percent of increase in profit?
• Use the solution plan to figure out the answer.

Solution plan
• What are you looking for?
• Percent of increase in profits.
• What do you know?

• Original amt. = $1,525; New amt.=$1,708
• Solution plan
• Find amt. of increase; Find percent of increase.
• Solution
• $1,708-$1,525 = $183
$183/$1,525 = 0.12 =12%
• Conclusion
• The rate of increase in profit is 12%.
Try these two examples
• A popular detergent cost $5.99 last Saturday, but

today the same detergent costs $7.50. What is the
rate of increase?
• Sales in the East Region were $10,800 in January and

dropped to $9,700 in February. What is the rate of
decrease from January to February?
Answers
1. 25.2%
2. 10.2%
Mixed Numbers
& Improper
Fractions
Mixed Numbers & Improper Fractions
Vocabulary:
 Mixed Number – a number containing a fraction and
whole number.
 Improper Fraction – a fraction with a numerator that
is larger than the denominator.
 Proper Fraction – a fraction with a numerator that is
smaller than the denominator.
To change an
IMPROPER FRACTION
to a
MIXED NUMBER
use
LONG DIVISION
To change a
MIXED NUMBER
to an
IMPROPER FRACTION
use
THE MAD CIRCLE
Simplifying Improper Fractions

Example 1: Write each improper fraction as a mixed number
and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8


and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
Use LONG DIVISION to change each improper fraction to

a mixed number.

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
21
4

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
21 5
4 4 21
20
1

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
21 5
4 4 21
The denominator stays the
same
The remainder becomes the

20
1
5 1
4
numerator

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
20
3

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
20 6
3 3 20
18
2

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
20 6
3 3 20
same

18
2
6 2
3
numerator

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
32
8

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
32 4
8 8 32
32
0

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8
32 4
8
same
8 32
32 4 0
8
0
numerator

and simplify:
a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

When 0 as numerator get
32 4 rid of fraction
8
same
8 32
32 4 0
8
numerator
0
4

Example 2: Write each mixed number as an improper
fraction and simplify:
a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5

Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5
Use THE MAD CIRCLE to change each mixed number to

an improper fraction.

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5
+ Product is Added to the Numerator
4 5 x 10 + 4 54
1 5
=
5
=
5
x Denominator Multiplied by the Whole
Number

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5
+ Product is Added to the Numerator
3 7 x 3 + 3 24
3 7
=
7
=
7
Number

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5

Product is Added to the Numerator
+
4 5x1+4 9
1 5
=
5
=
5
Number
Guided Practice
Write each improper fraction as a mixed number and
simplify:
a) 51/5 b) 44/8 c) 27/6
Write each mixed number as an improper fraction:

a) 4 3/4 b) 16 1/2 c) 7 5/8
Guided Practice
simplify:
a) 51/5 b) 44/8 c) 27/6

a) 10 /5 b) 5 /2 c) 4 /2
1 1 1

a) 4 3/4 b) 16 1/2 c) 7 5/8
a) 19/4 b) 33/2 c) 61/8
Independent Practice
simplify:
a) 48/3 b) 17/2 c) 27/8

a) 6 1/4 b) 27 3/4 c) 9 1/3
Independent Practice
simplify:
a) 48/3 b) 17/2 c) 27/8

a) 16 b) 8 /2 c) 3 /8
1 3

a) 6 1/4 b) 27 3/4 c) 9 1/3
a) 25/4 b) 111/4 c) 28/3

Lect 4 Applications of Increase and Decrease in Management

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Applications of

• Find the amount of increase or decrease in

• Examples of increases in business applications include:

• To find the amount of increase:

Example: Joe’s salary has been $400 a week.

• To find the amount of decrease:

• Example: Roxanne’s new purse originally cost

• Find the amount (increase or decrease) from a

• Often in increase or decrease problems, we are more

• Find the rate of the new amount.

• Find the new amount.

2. A wholesaler is offering you a 20% discount if you

• Identify or find the amount of increase or decrease.

• During the month of May, a graphic artist made a

• Use the solution plan to figure out the answer.

• What do you know?

• A popular detergent cost $5.99 last Saturday, but

• Sales in the East Region were $10,800 in January and

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Use LONG DIVISION to change each improper fraction to

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

The remainder becomes the

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

The remainder becomes the

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 21/4 b) 20/3 c) 32/8

Simplifying Improper Fractions

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5

Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5

Use THE MAD CIRCLE to change each mixed number to

Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5

+ Product is Added to the Numerator

Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5

+ Product is Added to the Numerator

Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

a) 10 4/5 b) 3 3/7 c) 1 4/5

a) 51/5 b) 44/8 c) 27/6

Write each mixed number as an improper fraction:

a) 51/5 b) 44/8 c) 27/6

Write each mixed number as an improper fraction:

a) 48/3 b) 17/2 c) 27/8

Write each mixed number as an improper fraction: