PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Overview and Concepts

Objective of this Course

 Understand the concept of project management

 Effectively select, plan, implement, control, monitor, assess and
terminate the social sector and infrastructure projects.
 Manage the schedule and budget of projects with a view to
achieve the pre-assigned goals of the organization.
 Understand about project manager, project organization and the
software used to apply various tools during project management.
 Manage change in the scope and requirements of the projects.
 Enhance skills to become an effective project manager in any
institutional environment.
 Understand the internal, external and physical environment of
an organization, project managers, vendors , and users of the
projects’ end products ( deliverables) in the context of project
management.
 Learn negotiation skills and conflict resolution
 Learn project proposal development and fundraising
techniques as a project.
 Learn economic, financial, technical and managerial feasibility of
the projects.
Introduction
Projects are the building blocks of an investment plan. Due to several
economic factors, the investments of various types in the contemporary
world are shrinking day by day. The majority of projects do not terminate
on time or to budget and they rarely deliver to all the original project
specifications due to poor management. The current project
management techniques and methods require a departure from
traditional approach as it requires improved systems methodology and
use of software on project life cycle. The project management is now a
profession that has to be learnt by the successful managers for
increased customer satisfaction. Project management techniques are
equally useful for social sector as well as the infrastructure projects.
These techniques are used by the NGOs, consultancy companies,
international organizations and the engineering firms.
This course will particularly be of a great value to you once you will be
the middle and senior level managers, project planners, team leaders,
coordinators and volunteers and will be directly or indirectly involved
with the projects , or if you are expected to be engaged in such
activities in future. The course will be useful for you if you join industry,
social sector development organizations, academia, international
funding agencies/NGOs, journalism or chose to be independent
consultants.
Broad Course Contents
• The Project Management Framework
• Introduction
• What is a Project?
• What is Project Management
• Relationship to other Management Disciplines
• Related Endeavors
• The Project Management Context
• Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle
• Project Stakeholders
• Organizational Influences
• Key General Management Skills
• Social-Economic-Environmental Influences

• Project Management Processes

• Project Processes
• Process Groups
• Process Interactions
• Customizing Process Interactions
• Mapping of Project Management Processes
Broad Course Contents
The Project Management Knowledge Areas

• Project Integration Management

• Project Plan Development
• Project Plan Execution
• Integrated Change Control

• Project Scope Management

• Initiation
• Scope Planning
• Scope Definition
• Scope Verification
• Scope Change Control

• Project Time Management

• Activity Definition
• Activity Sequencing
• Activity Duration Estimating
• Schedule Development
• Schedule Control
Broad Course Contents
• Project Quality Management
• Quality Planning
• Quality Assurance
• Quality Control
• Project Human Resource Management
• Organizational Planning
• Staff Acquisition
• Team Development
• Project Communication Management
• Communications Planning
• Information Distribution
• Performance Reporting
• Project Risk Management
• Risk Management Planning
• Risk Identification
• Qualitative Risk Analysis
• Quantitative Risk Analysis
• Risk Response Planning
• Risk Monitoring and Control
Other topics

• Scheduling and Networking

• Monitoring and Information system
• Project Control
• Research papers
What is a Project?
 What is a Project?

“A project is usually a one-time activity with a well-defined set of desired

end results…complex enough that the subtasks required careful
coordination and control in terms of timing, precedence, cost and
performance.”
Project Management: A Managerial Approach
Jack R. Meredith and Samuel J. Mantel, Jr.
1995

The assignment of resources to accomplish specific results

(deliverables) with a well-defined schedule and budget.
Accenture (1999)

“something that is contemplated, devised, or planned; a plan; a scheme;

an undertaking”
The Macquarie Concise Dictionary
Third Edition (1998)
 Project Characteristics
A project is;
A Project… -Progressively elaborated
-Time bound
 Has specific objectives -Produce single deliverable
 Has a start and end date
 Has a budget
 Has an ‘owner’/’sponsor’
 Produces specific deliverables
 Can vary vastly in size, complexity and duration
 May be a phase within a larger project or a phase
within a program
Operations and Projects
 Operations and projects share many characteristics:
 Performed by people.
 Constrained by limited resources.
 Planned, executed, and controlled.

 Operations may include activities such as:

 Financial management and control
 Continuous manufacture
 Product distribution

 Projects may include activities such as:

 Developing a new product or service.
 Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or style of an organization.
 Developing or acquiring a new or modified information system.
Projects are Temporary

 Temporary means that every project has a definite

beginning and a definite end.
 The end is reached:
 When the project’s objectives have been achieved, or
 When it becomes clear that the project objectives will not or
cannot be met and the project is terminated.
 Temporary does not necessarily mean short in duration:
 many projects last for several years.
 The duration of a project is finite:
 projects are not ongoing efforts.
The Product of a Project is Unique
 A product or service may be unique even if the category it belongs to is large.

 For example, many thousands of office buildings have been

developed, but each individual facility is unique—different
owner, different design, different location, different
contractors, and so on.

 Because the product of each project is unique, the

characteristics that distinguish the product or service must be
progressively elaborated.

 Progressively means “proceeding in steps; continuing steadily

by increments”

 Elaborated means “worked out with care and detail; developed

thoroughly”
 Costs of Poor Project Management

 31% of all new software development

projects are cancelled before
completion

 53% of projects cost >189% of original

estimates

 16.2% of software projects completed

on time and on budget

 Average overrun is 222% of original

estimates
 Costs of Poor Project Management
 31% of all new software development
projects are cancelled before
completion
 53% of projects cost >189% of original
estimates
 16.2% of software projects completed
on time and on budget
 Average overrun is 222% of original
estimates
A survey on overall applications
development projects revealed:
– 46% of IT projects were
"challenged" (completed over
budget and past the original
deadline).
– 6% of projects succeeded.
– 28% of projects failed.
What is Project Management?

Definition of Project Management:

“Project Management is the act of directing and
coordinating human and material resources
throughout the life of a project to achieve
predetermined objectives of
 Scope
Quality
 Quality
 Effort Effort Time

 Risk Project

 Time
Scope Risk
What is Project Management ?
What is Project Management?

 Project management is the application of knowledge, skills,

tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet or
exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project

 Meeting stakeholder needs and expectations involves balancing

competing demands among:

 Scope, time, cost, and quality.

 Stakeholders with differing needs and expectations.
 Identified requirements (needs) and unidentified requirements
 (expectations).
Project Management consists of

Work Products
Roles
Guiding
Who is responsible? Principles
What to deliver?

Processes
Hints & Tips
1

3
Techniques
7

How to produce? How to produce?

Stages of PM
The Triple Constraint of Project
Management
 Managing triple constraint

1. Builds the dashboard you use for controlling the project.

2. Without this dashboard, you have no way of knowing where the project is
currently headed, how far off course it is, or what action to take to get it back
on course.

3. If you neglect this function, you and all project stakeholders are subject to
unhappy surprises.
Scope
(Performance)
4. Uncontrolled projects rarely reach their goal.

Client
Agreement
Time Cost
(Schedule) (Budget)

Manage the Triple Constraint

Project Management and Other
Management Disciplines
End ……