Appendicular muscles

Upper Extremities

Edward H. Gabagat M.D.

Muscles Connecting Upper Limb to
Thoracic Wall (superficial anterior
muscles)
Scapulohumeral muscles
Arm muscles
Forearm muscles
Muscles of the Hand

Muscles of Upper Extremity

 Muscles connecting Upper
Limb to thoracic wall
(superficial anterior muscles)

PECTORALIS
MAJOR
PECTORALIS
MINOR
SUBCLAVIUS
SERRATUS
ANTERIOR
subclavius

Pectoralis
MAJOR

Pectoralis Serratus
MINOR anterior
Pectoralis major Found underneath
mammary gland

Pectoralis minor Underneath pectoralis

major

Serratus anterior Found in lateral thoracic

wall; origin– first 8-9
ribs
Deltoid
Rotator cuff
◦ Teres minor
◦ Subscapularis
◦ Infraspinatus
◦ Supraspinatus- initiates abduction of arm

Scapulohumeral muscles
 Arm movements
muscle origin insertion action

Deltoid Clavicle, acromion Deltoid tuberosity Flexes and extends

process, scapular shoulder; abducts &
spine medially & laterally
rotates arm
Latissimus Spinous process Medial crest of Extends shoulder;
T7-L5, sacrum & intertubercular adducts & medially
dorsi iliac crest, inferior groove rotates arm
angle of scapula in
some people

Pectoralis Clavicle, sternum, Lateral crest of Flexes shoulder;

superior 6 costal intertubercular extends shoulder
major cartilages, groove from flexed position;
abdominal muscles adducts and medially
rotates arm

Teres major Lateral border of Medial crest of Extends shoulder;

scapula intertubercular adducts and medially
groove rotates arm
deltoid
subscapularis

Teres m
ajor
 Rotator cuff
muscle origin insertion action

Infraspinatus Infraspinous Greater tubercle Stabilizes &

fossa of scapula of humerus extends shoulder;
laterally rotates
arm

Subscapularis Subscapular Lesser tubercle Stabilizes &

fossa of scapula of humerus extends shoulder;
medially rotates
arm
Supraspinatus Supraspinous Greater tubercle Stabilizes shoulder
fossa of scapula of humerus & abducts arm

Teres minor Lateral border of Greater tubercle Stabilizes &

scapula of humerus extends shoulder;
adductsand
laterally rotates
arm
 supraspinatus

infraspinatus

deltoid
Teres minor

Teres major
 Muscles Acting on the Scapula
muscle origin insertion action
Levator Transverse Superior angle of Elevates, retracts, and
scapulae process C1-C4 scapula rotates scapula; laterally
flexes neck
Pectoralis minor Ribs 3-5 Coracoid process Depresses scapula or
of scapula elevate ribs

Rhomboids
MAJOR -Spinous process -medial border of -retracts, rotates, and
T1- T4 scapula fixes scapula
MINOR -Spinous process -medial border of - retracts, slightly
T1- T4 scapula elevates, rotates, and fixes
scapula
Serratus Ribs 1-9 Medial border of Rotates and protracts
anterior scapula scapula; elevates ribs

trapezius Posterior surface Clavicle, acromion Elevates, depresses,

of the skull and process, and retracts, rotates, and fixes
spinous process scapular spine scapula; extends neck
C7-T12
MUSCLES OF THE ARM

ANTERIOR ARM
biceps brachi
brachialis

POSTERIOR ARM
triceps brachi
 Arm Muscles
muscle origin insertion action

Biceps 1. Long head- Radial tuberosity Flexes elbow;

brachii supraglenoid & aponeurosis of supinates
tubercle biceps brachii forearm; flexes
2. Short head – shoulder
coracoid process
Brachialis Anterior surface of Coronoid Flexes elbow
humerus process of ulna

Triceps 1. Long head- lateral Olecranon Extends elbow;

brachii border of scapula process of ulna extends
2. Lateral head- shoulder;
lateral & posterior adducts arm
surface of humerus
3. Medial head -
posterior humerus
Forearm
muscles
Anterior Lateral Posterior
forearm Forearm forearm
(Superficial (superficial
group) group)
1. Pronator 1. Brachio- 1. ECRB
teres radialis (extensor carpi
radialis brevis)
2. Flexor carpi 2. ECRL 2. Extensor
radialis (extensor carpi digitorum
radialis longus)
3. Palmaris 3. Etensor
longus digitiminimi
4. Flexor carpi 4. Extensor
ulnaris carpi ulnaris
5. anconeus
Flex wrist , Extend wrist,
flex digits extend digits
Anterior Forearm

Superficial group Intermediate Deep Layer

Layer

1. Pronator teres Flexor digitorum 1. Flexor pollicis

2. Flexor carpi superficialis longus
radialis 2. Flexor
3. Palmaris digitorum
longus profundus
4. Flexor carpi 3. Pronator
ulnaris quadratus
muscle origin insertion action
Palmaris Medial epicondyle Aponeurosis Tightens skin of
longus of humerus over palm palm

Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle 2nd & 3rd Flexes & adducts
radialis of humerus metacarpal wrist
bones

Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle Pisiform Flexes & adducts

ulnaris of humerus & ulna wrist

Flexor ulna Distal Flexes fingers &

digitorum phalanges of wrist
profundus digits 2-5
Flexor Medial epicondyle Middle Flexes fingers &
digitorum of humerus, phalanges of wrist
superficialis coronoid process, digits 2-5
radius
Pronator Distal ulna Distal radius Pronates
quadratus forearm
Pronator Medial epicondyle radius Pronates
teres of humerus, forearm
coronoid process of
ulna
MUSCLES of the ANTERIOR
FOREARM
Superficial Layer
PRONATOR
TERES

FLEXOR CARPI
RADIALIS

PALMARIS
LONGUS

FLEXOR CARPI
ULNARIS
MUSCLES of the ANTERIOR
FOREARM
Intermediate Layer

FLEXOR
DIGITORUM
SUPERFI-
CIALIS
 MUSCLES of the
ANTERIOR FOREARM
Deep Layer

FLEXOR
POLLICIS
LONGUS

FLEXOR
DIGITORUM
PROFUNDUS

PRONATOR
QUADRATUS
Flexor
Flexor
pollicis digitorum
longus profundus
MUSCLES of the LATERAL
FOREARM

brachioradialis

(ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis
longus

Extensor
retinaculum
muscle origin insertion action
Brachioradialis Lateral Styloid process Flexes elbow
supracondylar ridge of radius
of humerus

Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle of Base of 3rd Extends &

radialis brevis humerus metacarpal bone abducts wrist

Extensor carpi Lateral Base of 2nd Extends &

radialis longus supracondylar ridge metacarpal bone abducts wrist
of humerus

Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle of Base of 5th Extends &

ulnaris humerus & ulna metacarpal bone abducts wrist
Extensor Lateral epicondyle of Extensor tendon Extends
digitorum humerus expansion over fingers &
phalanges of wrist
digits 2-5
supinator Lateral epicondyle of Radius Supinates
humerus & ulna forearm (and
hand)
Posterior Forearm
Superficial Layer Deep Layer
1. ECRB 1. Abductor pollicis
2. Ext digitorum longus
3. Ext digitiminimi 2. Ext pollicis brevis
4. Ext carpi ulnaris 3. Ext pollicis longus
5. anconeus 4. Ext indicis
5. supinator
MUSCLES of the POSTERIOR
FOREARM
EXT. CARPI Superficial Layer
RADIALIS
BREVIS

EXT.
DIGITORUM

EXT. DIGITI
MINIMI
EXT.CARPI
ULNARIS

ANCONEUS
 MUSCLES of the POSTERIOR
SUPINATOR FOREARM
Deep Layer
ABDUCTOR
POLLICIS
LONGUS

EXT.
POLLICIS
BREVIS

EXT.
POLLICIS
LONGUS

EXT. INDICIS
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF
HAND (19)

THENAR MUSCLES
*abductor pollicis brevis
*flexor pollicis brevis
*opponens pollicis
adductor pollicis
HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
PALMARIS BREVIS

*THENAR EMINENCE MUSCLES

 Flexor pollicis
brevis
Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis
brevis
opponens digiti
minimi

Flexor digiti
minimi

ctor
Abdu inimi
im
digit
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF
HAND

LUMBRICALS
DORSAL INTEROSSEI
PALMAR INTEROSSEI