Gas pressure welding: In this type of welding, the necessary heat is produced by the combination of oxygen and

acetylene gases.

The rails to be welded are clamped at the wall by applying a pressure of 40 t pressure, heated to a temperature of about
1200 o C to 1400 o C, and butted with an upset pressure of about 20 t. Then the joint is again heated to a temperature of
850 o C and allowed to cool naturally. 
This method of welding is cheaper as compared to flash butt welding.

The process, though simple, has not yet been adopted on a large scale by Indian Railways. The main reason behind this
is its limited output and the difficult and irregular availability of gas.
Electric or Metal Arc Welding: In this method, heat is generated by passing an electric current across a gap between
two conductors.

This type of welding can be done using any of the following methods.
(a)  Insert plate technique
(b) Scheron process
(c)  Enclosed space technique
Indian Railways has recently started welding rail joints using the metal arc process on a trial basis and the performance
so far has been satisfactory.