AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT

CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR

COUNTER
CONTENT
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION

 PROBLEM STATEMENT

 EXISTING SYSTEM

 PROPOSED SYSTEM

 LITRETURE SURVEY

 BLOCK DIAGRAM

 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

 CONCLUSION

 FUTURE WORK

 REFERENCES
 ABSTRACT
 In this digital word we need every possible thing around us to be automatic
which reduces human efforts. There are increasing electronic circuits that
make today’s life easier and simple. Nowadays Energy Crisis is the big
problem faced by everyone. So there is a need to conserve energy. This project
is very useful for such problems as one generally forgets to turn off lights and
fans while leaving a room.
CONT..
 The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room
go out& darkness sense by LDR. The total number of persons inside
the room is also displayed on LCD displays. We use 16 *2 LCD in our
project. The microcontroller does this job. It receives the signals from
the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software
which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously
monitor the Infrared Receivers and darkness of LDR sensor. When any
object pass through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the
receivers are obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the
Microcontroller.
  
 INTRODUCTION
 The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to
count number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly
Bus Light ON/OFF in the room. Here we can use sensor and can
know present number of persons. In today’s world, there is a
continuous need for automatic appliances. With the increase in
standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits
that would ease the complexity of life. Also if at all one wants to
know the number of people present in room so as not to have
congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful.
CONT..
 The main purpose of our system is to save energy and the efforts
required to switch on the Bus Light. Instead of switching on/off the
lights in an auditorium or a seminar hall the lights adjust the
intensity. To make a controller based model to count number of
persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room..
To know the number of people present in room so as not to have
congestion.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Switch Operated Manually

In this method a user has to switch ON and OFF the required lights.
Since the user can switch on and off the lights as per their
preferences there is a chance of keeping the lights in on state even
though it was not need during that time. This may occur because of
carelessness of user and a large amount of power is wasted.
AIM & OBJECTIVE

 Aim of project to count the objects (persons) entering and leaving

the room and using LDR circuit also switch the room light
accordingly.
 To design system which avoid un-necessary use of electricity.
 To track visitor and light on / off according that.
 To show visitor count on LCD display.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
 This system is designed by using two sets of IR transmitters and
receivers. These IR sensors are placed in such a way that they
detect a person entering and leaving the room to turn the home
appliances. In this optimun energy management system, a
microcontroller is the central processing unit of this project which
is of 89S51 controller from the 8051 family. This system facilitates
a bidirectional visitor counter for displaying the number of persons
inside the room. When a person enters into the room, an IR beam
is obstructed between the IR transmitter and the receiver. This IR
obstruction from the sensor-1 gives the corresponding signal to the
microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed in such a way
that by the reception of the signal from the sensor-1 it turns on the
fans and lights inside the room. Thus, the microcontroller gives
command signals to a relay driver which turns the relays such that
all these appliances turn on.
CONT..
 When the person leaves from this room, another set of IR
sensors enable and give control signals to the
microcontroller. Furthermore, similar to the above process,
this system turns off the appliances like fans and lights. Apart
from this, the system also takes account of the number of
persons inside the room so that this control operation is
varied depending on the persons’ availability in the room.
For every person entering and leaving the room, the
microcontroller reads the digital input from two receivers,
and calculates the number of persons inside the room, and
then displays it on the LCD. When the persons’ count is
greater than one, the microcontroller turns on the room light
and when the persons’ count is zero, it turns off all the lights
and fans.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER USING MICROCONTROLLER
AND VISITOR COUNTER
Author :-Kimbley1, Rachit Mehrotra2, Sohail Ahmed Khan3, Sonali K. Pawar4

The Project ‘Automatic Room Light Controller Using microcontroller ATMEGA16A and
bidirectional visitor counter’ controls a room light as well as count the number of
individuals entering and leaving a room. When an individual enters into a room then
one counter is incremented by one and one light in a room will be switched ON and
when the individuals leaves a room then the counter is decremented by one. When the
number of individuals in a room is greater than 5 then 2 lights will be switched ON.
When the individuals in a room are more than 10 then 3 lights will be switched ON.
Similarly on increase of every 5 individuals one more light will switched ON. Lights
will turn OFF when all the individuals go out of a room. The total number of
individuals present inside a room is also displayed on the LCD display. IR sensors and
microcontroller does above job. IR sensors sense the obstruction and microcontroller
receives the signals produced by the obstruction from the sensors. The received signal
is operated via program stored in ROM of Microcontroller.
CONT..
 AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL
VISITOR COUNTER
 
 Author :- Kadam Shah, Prakash Savaliya and Mitesh Patel

 The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of
persons visiting particular room andaccordingly light up the room. Here we can use
sensor and can know present number of persons. In today’s world, there is
acontinuous need for automatic appliances. With the increase in standard of living,
there is a sense of urgency for developingcircuits that would ease the complexity of
life. Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not
tohave congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful.
CONT..
 3. AUTOMATED ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR COUNTER
 
Author:-Gaurav Waradkar, Hitesh Ramina, Vinay Maitry, Tejasvi Ansurkar, Asha Rawat,
Parth Das.

This Project “Automated Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter” is a reliable circuit
that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number of
persons / visitors in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room then
the counter is incremented by one and the LED light in the room will be switched ON and
when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The light will be
only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons
inside the room is also displayed on the display monitor. The microcontroller does the
above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the
control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller continuously monitors the
Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays
falling on the receivers are obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller.
 
 EXISTNG SYSTEM
This section describes about the most commonly used lighting control
system used in buildings. Since this method is going to use wireless
sensor network it is mandatory to know the operation of existing
lighting control system. It can be decided that energy loss is
occurred with a lighting system when the lighting system
illuminates a light which is an area which is not being used currently
at that particular time or when it illuminates a light even though
sufficient lighting is available to work. The most commonly used
lighting system is explained below.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

LCD (16*2)

8
LDR
0
5
1
RELAY LIGHT
IR 1

IR 2
POWER SUPPLY
 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
 In this project IR sensor check in and out count of person and
display that count on LCD with help Of Microcontroller unit.
 LDR sensor check Darkness and activate Light if darkness.
 This project uses regulated 5v, 750mA power supply. 7805, a three
terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type
full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of
230/12v step down transformer
CONT..
 In this project “Automatic Room Light Controller With Visitor
Counter” divided into three sections like input section,
controlling section , output section.
 In input section again divide into two part
 In first section IR sensor check in / out count of person.
 LDR sense darkness in environment.
 According that send signal to controlling section.
 In Controlling section, Microcontroller receive signal from
input section .
 Related to input signal output signal send
 In output section light get on / off using Relay Activation.
 Relay get activate by Microcontroller.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

HARDWARE REQUIRED
 MICROCONTROLLER 8051

 LCD DISPLAY

 LDR

 IR SENSOR

 RELAY
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
8051 Microcontroller
 FEATURES
 

Compatible with MCS-51® Products
•

• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

– Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Eight Interrupt Sources
• Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
• Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
• Watchdog Timer
• Dual Data Pointer
• Power-off Flag
LCD (16*2)
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
 LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD is finding wide spread
use replacing LEDs (seven segment LEDs or other multi segment
LEDs) because of the following reasons:
 The declining prices of LCDs.

 The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is in

contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few characters.
 Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby
relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the
LED must be refreshed by the CPU to keep displaying the data.
 Ease of programming for characters and graphics.

 These components are “specialized” for being used with the

microcontrollers, which means that they cannot be activated by
standard IC circuits. They are used for writing different messages on a
miniature LCD.
 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
 Keil IDE
 Proteus

 Flash Magic

 Express PCB
IR SENSOR
 A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an
electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light
radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most
often used in PIR-based motion detectors.
 IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect
a select light wavelength in the Infra-Red (IR) spectrum.
By using an LED which produces light at the same
wavelength as what the sensor is looking for, you can
look at the intensity of the received light. When an object
is close to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off
the object and into the light sensor. This results in a large
jump in the intensity, which we already know can be
detected using a threshold.
RELAY
 A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use
an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating
principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it
is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete
electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several
circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long
distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in
from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used
extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical
operations.
 A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an
electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control
power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device
to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and
sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits
from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions
are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".
LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR
 Light Dependent Resistor is made of a high-resistance semiconductor. It can
also be referred to as a photoconductor. If light falling on the device is of the
high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound
electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free
electron conducts electricity, thereby lowering resistance. Hence, Light
Dependent Resistors is very useful in light sensor circuits. LDR is very high-
resistance, sometimes as high as 10MΩ, when they are illuminated with light
resistance drops dramatically.
 A Light Dependent Resistor is a resistor that changes in value according to
thelight falling on it. A commonly used device, the ORP-12, has a high
resistance in thedark, and a low resistance in the light. Connecting the LDR to
the microcontroller isvery straight forward, but some software ‘calibrating’ is
required.It should be remembered that the LDR response is not linear, and so
the readings will not change in exactly the same way as with a potentiometer.
In general there is a largerresistance change at brighter light levels. This can be
compensated for in the softwareby using a smaller range at darker light levels.
 
 FUTURE SCOPE
 By using this circuit and proper power supply we can
implement various applications Such as fans, tube lights,
etc.
 By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can
achieve a task of opening and closing the door.
 
 
CONCLUSION
It is very useful in Schools, hospitals, malls, offices, auditoriums etc.
This project becomes helping hand in such situation because it gives
the count on LCD display. Also it controls the lighting system
automatically according to how many individuals are there in a
room.
Turning ON of lights will increase with increasing the individuals in a
room.
Turning ON of lights will decrease with decreasing the individuals in a
room.
 REFERENCES
 [1]Programming in ANSI C: E BALAGURUSAMY
 [2]The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems: MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI
JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI
 [3]The 8051 microcontroller: KENNETH J. AYALA

 Kimbley1, Rachit Mehrotra2, Sohail Ahmed Khan3, Sonali K. Pawar4 “Automatic

Room Light Controller Using Microcontroller And Visitor Counter”IJRET:
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology.
 [4]Kadam Shah, Prakash Savaliya And Mitesh Patel “Automatic Room Light
Controller With Bidirectional Visitor Counter ” Ijictrd – International Journal Of Ict
Research And Development.
 [5] Automatic room light intensity detection and control using a microprocessor and
light sensors, Ying-Wen Bai ; Dept. of Electron. Eng., Fu-Jen Catholic Univ., Taipei
; Yi-Te Ku.
 [6]Reference Book : Programming in ANSI C : E BALAGURUSAMY.

 [7]Erdem, H, "Design and implementation of data acquisition for fuzzy logic

controller", Industrial Technology, (2002). IEEE ICIT ('02. 2002)IEEE International
Conference on(11-14Dec. 2002) Page(s):199– 204 vol.1.
THANK YOU…