ENVIRONMENT

BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY : NIDHI PANDIT

BSC. BIOTECHNOLOGY
2ND YEAR
 What is
compost?
Compost is crumbly, dark,
humus-like material that is the
result of the controlled aerobic
biodegradation of organic
material—or composting.
 Anaerobic composting
Aerobic composting
Anaerobic composting decomposes waste
The compost process requires oxygen in without oxygen. Anaerobic composting takes
order to be effective, because the organisms several years and typically happens in
involved are mainly aerobic . These landfills. In Anaerobic composting, organic
organisms consume and break down materials are piled up and break down
complex organic structures, such as plants naturally.Anaerobic composting produces a
and feces, into their more basic elements. large amount of methane and can be
During this process they produce the humic- exceptionally pungent
like compost we desire, as well as CO2,
heat, and water vapor.
Organisms Involved in Composting

There are thousands of tiny organisms that are

involved in the compost process, including
fungi, microbes, actinomycetes (a unique type
of bacteria that look like fungi), and
invertebrates. The use of earthworms to
enhance the compost process is called
“vermicomposting.”
There are also cases of symbiotic relationships
between microorganisms, such as bacteria and
fungi, that help to optimize the biodegradation
process.
PHASES OF COMPOSTING
WINDROW COMPOSTING
Rotating drum reactors
These reactors (sometimes
called digestors) retain the
material for only a few hours or
days. While the tumbling
action can help homogenize
and shred materials, the short
residence time usually means
the processing is more
physical than biological, so
rotating drums are covered
more fully