Book Review

SMARTER ENERGY
From Smart Metering to
the Smart Grid
Jakarta. November 26th , 2020

By: EDDIE WIDIONO

smartgridindonesia.com • Founder, Indonesia Smart Grid Initiative (PJCI)
 Smarter Energy From Smart Metering to the Smart Grid

Industry 4.0:
Are you ready? General Comments
Deloitte Review, • A very good reference book for Higher Degree Student
issue 22 • A lot of insights on future grid evolution derived from
Punit Renjen experiments.
January 22nd, 2018
• The book covers many scientific approaches, each are
discussed in depth , complete with algorithm and step by
step instructions.
 Smarter Energy From Smart Metering to the Smart Grid

Smart Energy and Smart Grid Research

and project overview

• Covering the current field of research on Smart

Grid/Energy in Europe, US and Asia Pacific, China
in particular.
• Discussion in depth on Smarter EMC2 project
 Part I Smart Metering

• Start with discussing the main concern on the deployment of Smart Meter , i.e. GDPR and
how aggregation of customer data can be done within this regulation and ethics.
• A powerful cryptographic technique ADC-Net is presented and analysed in theory and
validated using simulated real-world simulation
• Covering the main issues of communicating the data, the processing time and their technique
• Then discuss dynamic pricing and scheduling as a main tools to solve flexible residential
appliances requirements in the future power system. This approach is considered to be more
versatile against the traditional centralized scheduling approach. Although it is also
demonstrated that naïve utilization of dynamic pricing may result in worsening situation
• Smart Tariffs as incentives to trigger DSR, two new approaches ( equal interval grouping and
hierarchical clustering ) are introduced to convert tariffs ( Real Time Pricing) into ToU
 Part II Smart Grid Modelling Control and Optimization

Decentralized models for real time Renewable Integration in

future grid
• Hybrid model of centralized resource management and digitalized grid control is
offered as a means to achieve efficient future grid operation
• Centralized resource management is needed to aggregate various grid tied multiple
resources. Cloud computing as a means to obtain scalability and the role of IoT
sensors as enabling devices is discussed
• Decentralized grid control, graph modelling of power line communications is also
discussed as an approach to maximizing real time RE integration
• Generalized distributed , distributed nodal and distributed clustering approaches are
discussed to the depth of its applied algorithm ( Distributed Linear Programming &
Tie-set Based Optimization )
• The result is shown through simulation that hybrid model is a versatile tools to face
the challenge of highly variable and unpredictable load.
 Part II Smart Grid Modelling Control and Optimization

Distributed Control Method

• A Generic power system control network, consist of UC, ED, MD and LD are
introduced, emphasizing the need of identifying time scale
• The way uncertaintyis managed, security considerations and emerging aggregator
and network operator willprovide a clear indication of applicability and the need to
decompose the structure
 Part II Smart Grid Modelling Control and Optimization

Multiobjective optimization for SG design

• Existing studies have mostly considered a single objective optimization; Newton’s

method, secant method, gradiet descent, steepests descent, conjugate gradient and
generative method.
• MOP have multiple objectives that must be achieved simultaneously. ( Pareto
Optmality )
• Smart Grid Design is considered an MOP and MOEA ( Multi Objective Evolutionary
Approach ) are used to solve it
• Two Design examples validate the framework resultin Higher QoS while reducing
power consumption of Data Centres
 Part II Smart Grid Modelling Control and Optimization

Frequency Regulation via Demand Control and BESS

• Contribution of DDC, Battery Energy Storage System and Plug-in EV for frequency
Regulation is investigated.
• Single area LFC and state space model is cosnstructed
• Delay Dependent Stability Analysis and PID controller design method have been
developed using Lyapunov theory.
• Simulation result LFC with DDC , BESS and PEV can provide a better performance and
PID Controller is effective and robusr
 Part II Smart Grid Modelling Control and Optimization

Distributed Frequency Control and Demand Side Management

• Frequency Control and its Optimality and Demand Side are introduced
• Swing equation dynamics
• Primary and Secondary frequency control are discussed; passivity conditions,
economic optimality and fairness in primary control as well as secondary control and
framework of stability guarantee via disipativity is proposed
• Load Side Distributed Frequency Control could improve power system operation and
efficiency but if too many it also may create problems due to inherent limit cycle
behaviour
• Future Challenges are identified
 Part II Smart Grid Modelling Control and Optimization

Game Theory Approach for DSM in SG

• Interdependent decision- making entities situations and

• Leader-Follower Strategy and Min-Max Problem in game theory are introduced
• Bilevel decision making framework relevant to smart grid are presented, the two level
interaction is then formalted as one level optimization model
• For every entity unaffected by changes in the environment, any decision taken local
reflects the inherent characteristics as well as the influence of extrinsic parameters.
The interrelation between decision making process of such entities cretes a complex
environment, and game theory is useful as a normative framework.
• Models are developed, and the equivalent transformation to MILP problems facilitate
the solution
 Part III Smart Grid Communication and Networking

Cyber Security of smart grid estimation:

Attacks and defence mechanism
• Vulnerability of SGS to False Data Injection Attacks
• Power System Estimation and FDIAs; State estimation ( Voltage magnitude and phasor
angles) direct measurement at all busses are prone to attacks
• Stealth attack strategies , from various author are discussed
• Sparse attacks construction algorithm is introduced
• Defense Mechanism can be constructed by protecting the system or utilizing robust
false data detection algorithms
• An efficient protection scheme is proposed in this chapter to find an effective
measurement subset to defend from stealth attacks
 Part III Smart Grid Communication and Networking

BDA of Power Grid from Random Matrix Theory

• Typical Data driven methodology consist of three main procedures : Big data Model-
to build Random Matrix Model with Raw Data, Big Data Analysis – to conduct high
dimensional analysis to construct the indicator system via statistical transformation
and engineering interpretation – to visualize and interpret the statistical result to
human beings.
• RMT is a data driven methodology to turn real power grid data into RMM, and with
pure mathematical procedure a statistical indicator may be formed
• Statistical indicator value is non asymptotic probabilistic value, relies upon massive
data, naturally decopled the interconnection system
 Part III Smart Grid Communication and Networking

Energy Efficient Smart Grid Communications

• Different data communications and network infratructure are being developed for
smart grid i.e. HEMS, AMI, WAMs , SANET , and ca be divideted into SG HAN, SG NAN
and SG WAN
• Focus on SG NAN, candidate offered is OFDMA cellular network where DAU
communicate with HGW
• EE resource allocation was studied to improve its energy efficiency, and non
cooperative game theory is implemented
• Simulation result shows that proposed scheme improves the energy efficiency of the
network
s m a r t g r i d i n d o n e s i a . c o m M a s k e e i . i d