Asian institute of technology

School of Engineering & Technology

ED72.47: Smart Grid and Electrical Energy Management
Systems
Complex Networks Theory For Modern Smart Grid
Applications

Dr. Jai Govind Singh Prepared by Hazrat Mohammad

Contents
 Introduction
 Objective
 Methodology
 Complex Network theory
 Main features of complex networks
 Topological Characteristics
 Statistical and Dynamical Characteristics
 Smart Grid framework
 Result and Discussion
 Conclusion and future work
 Reference
 Introduction
Smart grids are considered as the next generation of power grids. It
certainly means different things for different people.

 smart grid is the entire electricity network including generation,

transmission, distribution, and consumption with the aim to make it
more reliable, secure, and efficient.

 The typical character for a smart grid is that there is a two-way

flow of power and information from the generation station to the
users’ units for the real-time interaction between suppliers and
users by using the distributed energy, communication delivery, and
automated integration.
 Cont.…
 Empirical studies indicate that many real large-scale coupled systems
can be well modelled by complex networks; typical examples include
the Internet, the World Wide Web, the scientific collaboration networks.

 The nodes and edges in complex networks can be used to represent

the units and communications in smart grids, respectively. Thus, the
studies for some problems in smart grids can be conducted from a
complex network point of view.

 In particular, this presentation summarizes some results for networks

properties, distributed control and optimization, and pinning control in
complex networks and tries to reveal how these new technologies can
be applied in smart grids.
 Objective
The objectives of this presentation can be summarized as follows:

 To provide the review of more complex power grids and other

distributed power generation systems by using modern complex
network theory.

 To make the work in this area known to power engineering as

highly implementable by addressing practical applications in
modern smart grids.

 To bridge academic researchers and practicing engineers in

adopting appropriate topics for possibly future cooperation.
Methodology
 Complex Network theory
 Large graphs of real life are called complex networks. Example: Internet.
 CN theory is a new method that aims to analyze diverse static topological
characteristics as well as dynamical behaviors in large-scale inter-
connected systems.
 The theoretical work of CNs stemmed from graph theory and network
science.
 Complex Network theory

Complex systems
Made of
many non-identical elements
connected by diverse interactions.

NETWORK
 Main Features of complex networks
••Many
Many interacting
interacting units
units
••Self-organization
Self-organization
••Small-world
Small-world
••Scale-free
Scale-freenon
non coordinatoin
coordinatoin
••Dynamical Standard graph theory
Dynamicalevolution
evolution
Random graphs
•Static
•Ad-hoc topology

 by neglecting dynamics of each component, There are various aspect of

CN, some of them as like below:
Topological Characteristics
 The degree centrality is considered to measure the number of edges
connected to node.
 The characteristic path length is the average shortest path length between
two randomly selected nodes.
 The clustering coefficient of a node is the conditional probability that two
randomly selected nodes are connected given that they are both connected
to a common node.
 The closeness centrality measures the mean distance from a node to other
nodes.

Example
•The Internet and the World-Wide-Web
•Food-webs and ecological networks
 Statistic Characteristics
Science of collection, presentation, analysis, and reasonable interpretation of data.
Cont.….
Statistics describes a numeric set of data by its
 Center
 Variability
 Shape
Statistics describes a categorical set of data by
 Frequency, percentage or proportion of each
category
 Dynamical Characteristics

Here we concentrate on the following three topics which have great potentials in
smart grid applications: synchronization, consensus, and pinning control.
1) Synchronization: For many applications, it is desirable to have a CN with
complete synchronization in the sense that all the nodes’ trajectories converge
towards a common unknown evolution. During the past decades, extensive studies
2) Consensus: Synchronization of CNs is closely related to consensus.
3) Pinning Control: In the last few years, the pinning control has been proposed as
a viable approach for steering the synchronization or consensus dynamics
 Result and Discussion
 This presentation reviews the state-of-art of current progresses on adopting CN
theory for modern smart power grid applications.

 Due to the vast literature and the complexity of this issue, this study involves
interdisciplinary techniques such as graph theory, probability and statistics,
power engineering, optimization, communication, and control.

 Such advancements will provide future developments for monitoring, protection,

and control of modern power systems in the smart grid.

 Some potential applications in power grids, including structural vulnerability

assessment, cascading blackouts, grid synchronization, network restorations,
consensus control, pinning control, and effective grid expansions, are also
explored.
Conclusion and Future work
 This presentation focuses on bridging the gap between complex networks
and smart grids, which is an emerging field and tries to provide some
guidance for future studies of smart grids in the context of complex
networks.
 Networks are everywhere in our daily life, a smart grid can be considered
as a special complex network and thus the research studies for some
problems in a smart grid can be revealed from complex network point of
view.
 In the near future, we will focus on some fundamental challenging problems
for applying complex networks into the smart grids, that is, the relationship
between the network topology and the network function in a smart grid.
Cont.…
 In particular, how the network topology can affect the network function is
unclear as we need to investigate the complex network properties for a smart
grid.
 In addition, in order to improve the reliability and efficiency of electricity
transmission and distribution, distributed control and optimization for networks
have been considered as a very hot topic, which deserve further studies in a
smart grid. Big-data is another emerging issue.
 How to investigate smart grids in the context of complex networks in big-data
environments will be another very important topic for future study.
Reference
[1] C. C. Chu and H. H. C. Iu, "Complex Networks Theory For Modern
Smart Grid Applications: A Survey," in IEEE Journal on Emerging and
Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 177-191, June
2017.
Thanks from your attention
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