Non Probability Sampling

Non Probability

• There is no assurance in whether each and every individual gets an

equal chance to take part in the study.
• That is the why the results achieved using this sampling are not
authentic.
• We should also mention in the research that this was our limitation
because I used Non-Probability sampling.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling

• Accidental Sampling
• Purposive Sampling
• Quota Sampling
• Snowball Sampling
Suppose I want to check the stress levels of Computer science students in Khost
province .

Method
• I do not make any system for selecting samples.
• I just select what comes to me in front for example: my Own computer science
faculty will be easy to approach as I work there.
• I will take most of the samples from there itself.

• Secondly, I take those samples which are in the second category, it can be my friends
who are CS students or their friends or relative.

As a result, using this method I complete my required sample size.

Note
Now think , can I generalize the results on the whole of Khost province based on this type of
sampling.
It is not fair.
 Purposive Sampling or Judgmental Sampling

It is a type of sampling in which the researcher select the participants based on

his judgement based on certain criteria whether the person fits in his research or
not.

Is he able to fulfill your research objectives ?

Is he relevant to your field of study or experience ?

Ex: 1. Checking the health status of

children in Khost province.
2. Effect of certain drugs on Smokers.
3. Suppose I want to research Hypertensive
people.
 Advantages

• Purposive sampling may be the only appropriate method available if there are only
limited number o primary data sources who can contribute to the study

• Cost effective and time effective methods available

Disadvantages

• The results are not authentic

• Vulnerability to errors in judgment by researcher
 Quota Sampling

Selection of samples based on certain defined Quota.

Example:
We have strata for the medical students and we have ¾ females and ¼ males

Suppose we need 1000 samples, so we select 75 % females and 25 % males.

We define the Quota Control Factor and select the samples based on that quota.

Suppose we research on religions, so here the Quota control factor is religion

 Snowball Sampling
This type of sampling is used where your data is confidential and
your samples are difficult to get.

For example

When you want to research on HIV cases, it would be difficult to

acquire, so you move and ask one and then he refers other cases to
you and like wise it goes.

Or suppose you are researching on drug consumers, so you wont

be able to get all the samples at one place. So you move on till you
get the acquired data.
 Advantages of Non- Probability Sampling

• Convenient
• Less time consuming
• Less cost
• We achieve results fast.

• Inaccuracy in results
• Generate Bias
• Cant generalize the results on the whole population.
 Sampling Errors

• Size
• Observer variation
• Subject variation
• Faulty instruments