CO-ORDINATE

MEASURING MACHINE

By
R.Elangovan
PGTE(0211).

December 6, 2020 School of Postgraduate Studies-N 1

 INTRODUCTION
 Modern manufacturing processes for discrete parts
require fast and accurate measuring devices to check
critical dimensions against their specified values.
 In a numerically controlled machining center With an
automatic tool changer, one of the tool positions may be
occupied by a gauging probe, so that each part can be
measured, and corrections made, as that part is being
machined. This is called in process gauging.

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  When this approach is not possible or desirable, off-
line gauging may be used.
 Here the parts are not measured until they leave the
machining process and reach a separate gauging
station.
 Each part (or perhaps a statistically selected partial
sample of the total production) is then measured.

the statistical data on average values and deviations
are accumulated.

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  These data are periodically compared with part
specifications, and machine-setting corrections are
made when necessary.
 Many gauging techniques ranging from simple,
manually operated ones to complex, computer-
controlled systems have been developed for in-
process and off-line gauging.

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  A typical co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM)
has a probe mounted on a set off three mutually
perpendicular slides such that the probe can be
positioned at any desired x, y, z location with in
the machine's working space.

Different arrangement of the slides offer specific
advantages, so manufacturers offer CMMs in a
variety of configurations.

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 Different configurations of CMMs.

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  Each slide has an accurate motion transducer with a
digital readout.
 With optical encoders inductosyns, and laser
interferometers in common use and providing a
range of resolutions from about 1 to 0.01micron(40
to 0.4 micro inch).
 Since the m/c working volume may be as large as
about a 2-m cube, careful mechanical design of the
slides is essential to ensure straightness, square
ness, etc of the co-ordinate motions.

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  Both precision rolling-contact bearings and
hydrostatic air bearings have been successfully used
to achieve accuracies as good as about 1micron for
a slide with 1- travel.
 Volumetric (three dim) accuracy is also important but
more difficult to specify and measure. Many
machines may be fitted with a precision rotary
table,allowing even more versatile application.

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 Measurements

 multipoint circle:-using a minimum of three

measured point the program calculates the centre
point and diameter of the best fit circle.

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 Measurements

 Multipoint sphere:-using a minimum of four measured point the

program calculates the centre point and diameter of the best fit
sphere.

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 Measurements

 Multipoint cylinder:-using a minimum of five measured point the

program calculates the best fit cylinder and calculates the diameter ,a
point on the axis ,and best fit axis.

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 Measurements

 cone:-using a four measured points,determines the vertex angle,and

taper of an inside or outside surface of a cone. Taper is defined as
the tangent of angle.

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 Measurements

 Multipoint line:-using a two measured points,the program

determines abest fit line through those points.the point of
intersection b\w the line and the major axis are calculated.

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TTF,Bangalore.
 Measurements

 Perpendicularity of two lines:-using a min of two measured

points on each line ,the program determines line angle b\w the two
lines.perpendicularity is defined as the tangent of this angle.

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 Measurements

 Angle/point of intersection of the coplaner lines:-using a min

of four measured points.the program determines the point of
intersection and the angle of intersection.

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 Measurements

 Parallelism of two lines:-using a min of two measured points on

each line. the program determines the angle b\w the two
lines,parallelism is defined as the tangent of this angle.

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 Measurements

 Parallelism of two planes:-the program determines the angle

b\w the two planes,parallelism is defined as the tangent of this
angle.

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 Types of probes
 All CMM’s consists of a probe and a way to move it
along three axes relative to a workpiece.

 In early stage’s CMM’s only provide a solid member

to contact the work piece.

 Currently the probes are used their types are:-

 contact type,

 non-contact type.

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  The most popular ones r the “circuit bracking” type ,also
called “touch trigger” probes, which r not actually circuit
brackers, they use differences in contact resistance to
indicate deflection of the probe.

 Components of probe:-

 probe head,

 probe,

 stylus.

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  The simplest soft probe assy’s r sensitive in x & y axis,
and because these probes record movement in either
direction on each axis, we call them four-way probes.

 When we use a probe that has one-way response in

the z axis,we call the assy a five-way &when we use a
 along the z axis,we have a six-way probe.

 For establishing the measured point as zero in

comparison to the std..we call the process as nulling.

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  NON-CONTACT TYPE PROBES:-

 there r some situations ,however when they can’t

be used- for EX:-inspection of printed circuit boards,
(or) in cases, like measuring a clay (or)wax
model ,when the object being measured would be
deformed by the force of the stylus.

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  CASE STUDY:-a sample measured
and the kinds of features which may
be routinely checked on this
component are:-holes=19

 shoulders=6

 center distances=15

 angles=9

 radii=10

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  ----------------------------------------------------------------

 Total checks=59

 ----------------------------------------------------------------

 total number of checked points=96

 inspection cycle=4min 55s

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 THANK
“U”.

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